| over Crete by, 122-23, 128, 129-30; constitutional order of kingdoms of, 145-51; decline and fall of Achaean society, 133-34, 144; gods of, 132-33; history of, 122-23, 128, 129-30, 133- 35; Homer and Achaean society, 32, 97; migrations of, 100, 121, 135, 143; and Minoan Linear B script, 130-33; sea power of, 122, 129; society of, 129-34; transition from Achaean to Hellenic society, 133-34; and Trojan War, 34-37, 113, 130, 144-67, 407. See also Mycenaean civilization |
| 408; Homer preceding, 32, 106-7; meaning of action in tragedies of, 321-27, 401; tragedies by, 46-47, 118, 141, 317, 318-19, 321, 321-38, 356 |
| theoretikos, 253, 256, 258; on causa efficiens, 204; on causa materialis, 204; on constitutional government, 403, 405; on cosmos as origin of philosophical inquiry, 235; on Crete, 30, 31, 111; and Greek federations, 193; on Hesiod, 197, 204; on Hippodamus, 431; on Lacedaemonian constitution, 110; on law, 400; on Lycophron, 399-400; on man as politikon zoon, 258; on Milesians, 236; on Nous, 280; on order, 94-95, 99, 196, 308; on origin, 204; philosophy of generally, 252, 316; on Phronesis, 304; on Platonic conception of ideas, 283; on polis, 98, 99, 113, 239, 262; prima philosophia of, 197; on prime mover, 250; and problem of order, 44; on Pythagorean tetractys, 126; and rabble, 185; on ruler's authority, 150; on slavery, 400; on Solon, 187-88, 188n4; on spoudaios (mature man), 398; theology of, 197, 253n18; on tragedy, 320-21; on tyrants, 187-88; virtues of, 379; on Xenophanes, 250 |
| Metaphysics, 197nn2-4, 204, 206n24, 250; Nicomachean Ethics, 209-10, 227; Physics, 204; Poetics, 47, 320-21; Politics, 111, 342, 399-400, 403; Rhetoric, 400; Topica, 210 |
| as leader of, 184, 188, 318, 344, 381; compared with Sparta, 44, 186; constitutional history of, 186-88, 264, 318, 344, 403, 418-23; cultural achievements of generally, 44-46, 102, 110, 186, 315-17, 341; democracy in generally, 318, 344, 420-23, 434, 447; disintegration of, 45, 110, 115, 338-40, 393, 398-99, 436-48; education of, 341-51; Great Awakening of, 315-17; and Hellenic Confederacy, 192-93; and Knossos, 123; lower classes of, 419-20; as maritime power, 421-22, 433-34; overview on, 44-48; Periclean imperial policy for, 418, 419, 422-23, 431, 437; Pericles' praise of, 317, 341, 436, 445-46; plottings of period of The Four Hundred, 319; rivalry with Sparta, 318, 341, 435; Solon's reforms in, 42, 43, 186-87, 264, 317, 344; synoecism of polis in, 183-84, 189-90; Themistocles as leader of, 318, 344; Thirty Years' Peace between Sparta and, 193; Thucydides on rise and fall of, 432-48; trade by, 128, 421-22; tyranny of Peisistratus in, 186-88, 264, 317-18. See also Aristotle; Herodotus; Peloponnesian War; Persian Wars; Plato; Polis; Socrates; Sophists; Thucydides; Tragedy |
| 25, 72, 79-82, 80-82, 86, 87; Jaeger on, 22n61; on soul, 246; on theologia naturalis and theologia civilis, 242-43; on time and creation, 252, 283 |
| Iliad, 149-50; of Christ, 273; of Hesiod, 40, 255, 261; history's authoritative structure, 72-73; of prophets, 72; ranking of authorities, 72-73; transcendence as source of, 256-57; of Xenophanes, 255, 261 |
| on, 371-72; continuum of, 283-84; correlation of Nous-logos and, 366- 69; Democritus on, 372-73; Gorgias on, 348-49; and Non-Being, 369-70 373; and Notbeing, 280-84, 287, 292, 370; as One, 351; Parmenides on, 41, 44, 279-93, 329, 348, 349, 366-74; partnership of being, 14, 25; and philosopher's logos, 84; and Pythagorean tetractys, 127; tension between Becoming and, 141; truth of, 279-85; as well-rounded sphere, 284, 285, 366; Zeno on, 351, 370. See also Leap in being |
| major religions, 87; expansion of, 76; and Hellenism, 225, 291; and history, 21-22, 72, 80-82, 86; Jaspers on, 88-89; and Judaism, 77-79; and Neo-Platonism, 22-24; and philosophy, 21; and Revelation, 21, 89, 312, 329; symbols of, 23, 116; toleration toward, 79-80; and truth, 290-91; virtues of, 300-301. See also Augustine, Saint; Paul, Saint |
| of Homer, 101, 106, 136-44, 235, 407, 442; Hellenic consciousness, 26-27, 99-116; Herodotus' historical consciousness, 100, 102, 103-7, 113-14, 115, 118, 408-9, 413; of history, 99-116; James on, 13-14; philosophy of, 9-15, 21; Plato's historical consciousness of, 109-11; Thucydides' historical consciousness, 107-10, 113-14, 115, 118; of unfolding mystery, 71-72 |
| kingdoms, 145-51; of Anatolia, 188; Aristotle on, 403, 405; of Athens, 186-88, 264, 318, 344, 403, 418-23; and Constitution of Athens (Old Oligarch), 350, 418-23; Hippodamus on, 403-5; Phaleas of Chalcedon on, 404; Plato on, 403, 405; of Sicily, 188; of Sparta, 188, 264, 404; writings on, 403 |
| institutions in, 127-29; Achaean migrations to and rule over, 100, 121, 122-23, 128, 129-30, 135; archaeology of, 121n3; Aristotle on, 30, 31, 111; and art, 28-29; Dorian settlements on Crete, 133; flowering of Minoan civilization, 96-98, 121-29; and Herodotus, 105; history of, 121-23; Homer on, 31, 111; inclusion of, in Greek history, 112; Minos as ruler of, 29-30; navy of, 108-9, 122; as omphalos, 30-31, 111, 114; in Plato's Laws, 111-11; society of, 121-29; strategic position of, 30-31, 120-21; terminology of, 97, 97n2; Thucydides on, 111, 122; wealth of, 147. See also Minoan civilization |
| 173, 323-31, 334, 335, 337, 338; conflict between Nomos and, 356; in Euripides, 339; in Heraclitus, 305; in Hesiod, 208-9, 211, 213, 225, 227, 232, 236, 245, 260; inaction as evasion of, in ethics of tragedy, 435; in Parmenides, 276, 278, 283; in Plato's Protagoras, 360, 361; Solon on, 264-67; in tragedy generally, 442; and Zeus, 173, 208-9, 211, 213, 225, 227, 245, 265-66, 324, 330, 439 |
| epics, 169-78; in Hesiod's Theogony, 200-206; in Homer's Iliad, 35-37, 143-67; in Homer's Odyssey, 145, 164, 167-72, 176-78; as stimulus for reconnection with order, 17-18; Thucydides on, 185, 326, 428-32; Toynbee on, 18. See also Order |
| sophists, 185, 237, 341-51, 376, 383 Egypt: Achaean contacts with, 122, 129, 135; Alexander's conquest of, 219; Cambyses' conquest of, 408; compared with Greek civilization, 28, 93, 112, 121; Cretan contacts with, 122, 128; decline of, 144; Herodotus on Egyptian Helen, 33-34, 104-6; historical course of, 116-17, 119; invaders of, 130, 133; and Israel, 70; lack of knowledge about, 76, 83; and Minoan symbols, 125; theology of, 100, 101, 195-96, 202, 219 |
| 227; Democritus on, 378; in Hesiod's Theogony, 208; in Homer's epics, 36-37, 167-70, 176-78; origin of, in Pandora Fable, 211-12; of present age preceded by better age, 220; prophets on, 231; Solon on, 264, 265-66 |
| of men), 206-7, 210, 213-23; of Hawk and Nightingale, 210, 228, 231; of Pandora, 206, 211-13, 226; paradigmatic purpose of, 210-11. See also Myth |
| B tablets, 132-33; in Aeschylean Oresteia, 202; anthropomorphic representation of, 40, 240, 241, 243- 47, 296n8, 329, 380; as Aristotelian prime mover, 250; Critias on fear of the gods, 395, 396; Deus-mensura ("God-the-Measure"), 348, 350; distinctions between human and divine ethos, 296-98; and divinity of the One, 250-53, 306; Egyptian gods, 100, 101, 195-96, 202, 219; Hellenic experience of generally, 67; Hellenic gods from Egypt, 100; Heraclitus on, 248, 249, 306-8; Herodotus on, 411; Herodotus on Hellenic gods, 140; Hesiod on origin of Olympians, 200-206, 214, 216-17, 251; in Hesiod's Theogony, 200-206, 216-17; Homeric gods generally, 33, 311, 413; immortality of gods, 277-78; and Incarnation, 83-84; and Israel, 26, 33, 67, 140, 142, 238-39, 338; Kabbalism on, 205n22; man's relationship with, and leap in being, 73; Minoan bull- god, 123-25; monotheism of, 196, 247-53; as name of transcendental subject, 282; order in presence of, 71; Panaetius's classification of the gods, 74; Parmenides on, 250; Plato on, 177, 178, 202, 243, 308, 365; Poseidonius on, 74-75; Protagoras on, 348, 369; responsibility of gods for evil in Homer's epics, 176-78; rivalry between man and, 211-12; universality of the divine, 247-50, 279, 306; Xenophanes on, 241, 243-53, 357, 399. See also specific gods and goddesses, such as Zeus |
| consciousness of, 26-27; contribution of, to political science, 98-99; delimitation of Greek order, 93-95, 98-99; and Homeric epoch, 32-37; increase in empirical knowledge on, 93; limitations of pagan positions, 75-76; motif of power organizations in history of, 112-14; terminology of, 96; tolerance of, 79-80; Voegelin's special interest in, 10, 22n61. See also Hellenic civilization; Minoan civilization; Mycenaean civilization; Polis; specific Greek authors and philosophers |
| of temporal and ecclesiastic bureaucracies in, 235; compared with Israel, 25-26, 33, 69, 75-76, 90, 95, 100, 117-18, 140, 143, 144. 225, 238-39; and consciousness of history, 74-75, 99-116; form of, 238; geographic extent of, 234; and history, 74-75, 93-119; philosophy of generally, 20, 25-26, 67, 118; preliminary questions on history and, 93-99; terminology of, 28n72, 96-98; transition from Achaean society to, 134. See also Athens; Greeks; Polis |
| on Athens, 45; compared with Democritus, 374; compared with Hesiod, 226-27; contemporaries of, 86, 102, 408; Delphic style of, 300n10, 301, 345; on Ephesians, 310-11; on flux, 308-9; on God, 248, 249, 306-7; and hierarchical structure, 312; on human and divine wisdom, 296-97; importance of, 39; on kingdom of playing child, 307-8; on Logos, 298, 299-300, 302-5, 309-11, 323n5, 335n9, 357; on Nomos, 304-5, 311, 380, 382; on Nous, 304-5; obscurity of, 301, 301n1; on order, 301-11, 329; as philosopher of Becoming, 285-86; on physis, 381; polymathie (much-knowing) of, 242, 298, 304, 321, 332, 334-35, 353, 355; on psyche, 41, 44; on Pythagoras, 242, 298; on "sleepwalkers," 7n21, 303-4, 312, 315, 415; on soul, 235, 236, 239, 242, 277, 293, 295-301, 310, 311, 323n5, 356; Thucydides on, 428; on truth, 299; on war, 305, 309, 310, 380, 411; on wisdom, 296-98, 310, 384; on Xenophanes, 242; on xynon (common), 248, 249, 304-5, 307, 324 |
| 413, 414, 426, 429; on Cretans, 97; on Egyptian Helen, 33-34; on gods of Hellas, 100; on Hellenic gods, 140; historical consciousness of, 100, 102-7, 113-15, 118, 408-9, 413; historiography of, 413-14, 440; life and work of, 407-8; on madness of Cambyses, 382; melancholy pathos of, 48; on Minos, 30, 30n77; on Persian Wars, 409-16, 427; popularity of, 107; on prophets, 142; as sophist, 343, 350; speeches in Histories of, 413-18; theme of Europe opposing Asia in, 34, 409-10; Thucydides on, 427, 428; and Trojan War, 103-4, 410; on turning wheel principle, 411-13, 418 |
| of men) fable, 206-7, 210, 213-23; apocalypse in Works and Days of, 223-33; Aristotle on, 197, 204; authority of, 40, 255, 261; on basileis, 132; biography of, 197-98; compared with Aeschylus, 328; compared with Chinese myth of five ages, 221-23; compared with Homer, 40, 196, 199, 201, 206, 209, 217-18, 230-31; compared with Parmenides, 276, 278; compared with Thucydides, 231-33; compared with tragedy, 321; compared with Tyrtaeus, 259, 261; difficulties in interpretation of poems of, 200-201; exhortatory style of, 201, 206, 210, 259-60; and Golden Age, 76; and Hawk and Nightingale Fable, 210, 228, 231; Hebrew parallels with, 207, 225, 229-31; Heraclitus on, 242, 304; Herodotus on, 140; heroic ideal opposed by, 42; and hierarchical structure, 312; and Hippias, 353; historical consciousness of, 100; on Minos, 29; mythical speculation of generally, 74, 236, 240-41, 248, 251, 311, 394; and mythopoetic freedom, 206; origin of order in Theogony of, 200-206, 216-17, 245, 252; and Pandora Fable, 206, 211-13, 226; Plato's attack on, 243; on polis, 181, 186; and search for order, 39; as teacher, 361; and transition from myth to metaphysics, 195-200; on truth and falsehood, 199-200, 276; Xenophanes' attack on, 240, 241, 242, 245, 248 |
| 196-97, 199, 200-206, 216-17, 223, 243, 245, 251; Works and Days, 44, 198, 199, 201, 206-33, 259 |
| 79-82, 86, 87; birth of, from tragedy, 337-38; Chinese experience of, 337- 38; Christian philosophy of, 21-22, 72, 80-82, 86; as "course," 21, 116-19; defect of Pauline interpretation of, 78-79, 81; Hegel on, 83-85, 86; Hellenic consciousness of, 74-75, 99-116; of Herodotus, 100, 102, 103-7, 113-14, 115, 118, 408-18; human nature's historical dimension, 68-69; and Israelite theology of, 74-76; Jaspers on, 86, 88-90; Logos of, 73; meaning of universal history, 88-89; parallel profane histories, 82-83; parallel sacred histories, 86-90; philosopher compared with historian, 320-21; of Plato, 109-11; preliminary questions on Hellas and, 93-99; progress in, 70; sacred history, 21-22, 72, 81, 82, 83-90; and spirit and freedom in human existence, 68; symbols of historical course, 116-19; terminology of, 115-16; of Thucydides, 107-10, 113-14, 115, 118, 424-48; Toynbee on, 87-88; Voegelin on generally, 19-21. See also Philosophy of history |
| anthropology of, 33; aristocratic gene in, 185; authorship of, 136-44; and break with cosmological myth, 139-40; compared with Antiphon the Sophist, 390; compared with Herodotus, 413; compared with Hesiod, 40, 196, 199, 201, 206, 209, 217-18, 230-31; compared with Plato, 176-77; compared with Solon, 265; compared with Thucydides, 426; compared with tragedy, 321; on Crete and Cretans, 31, 97, 111; dates of epics, 139, 170; disorder as theme of epics by, 34-37; epic consciousness of, 101, 106, 136-44, 235, 311, 407, 442; exhortatory style of, 155-56, 2107 259; Heraclitus on, 309; Herodotus on, 103, 105-7, 140; and Hippias, 353. invocation of muse by, 33; on Minos, 29; and mythopoetic freedom, 206; on Nemesis, 227; non-usage of Hellenic name by, 108; overview of, 32-37; Plato's attacks on, 107, 240, 243; and soul, 171-72, 247, 293-94; speculative myth of, 240-41, 248; symbolism of, 32-33; as teacher, 361; and Trojan War, 34-37, 101; Xenophanes' attack on, 240, 241, 242, 248 |
| 109, 131-33, 137-67, 210, 218, 271, 324; Odyssey, 31, 137-42, 218, 230-31, 265, 271-72 |
| Aristotle on, 258; awareness of own limitations, 86-87; as composite product, 372; constancy of, 71, 72; distinctions between human and divine ethos, 296-98; and flux, 308-9; generic-unique nature of man, 68-69; and growth, 278; historical dimension of, 68-69; in Homer's epics, 170-74; and "knowing man," 366; medical treatise on, 427-28; sophists on, 360-61; and spiritual process, 76-78; and transcendence, 256-57; and turning wheel principle, 411-13, 418. See also Anthropology; Mankind |
| 35, 148, 151-61, 164, 165, 173-74; Agamemnon's apology to Achilles in, 174-75; Agamemnon's dream in, 148- 49, 154-55; authorship of, 137-39; awareness of qualitative differences between men, 271; combat between Paris and Menelaus in, 161-63; compared with Odyssey, 175-76; constitutional order of Achaean kingdoms in, 145-51; dating of, 139, 169; dialectics of guilt and restoration in, 155-58; disorder in, 35-37, 143-67; Egyptians' view of, 104, 105; as epic of struggle between Europe and Asia, 102; eros of Helen and Paris in, 142, 161-67, 175; evil fate in, 142; and Herodotus, 102; inspiration for, 140; and Minoan Linear B tablets, 131-33; music images in, 142; noble society in generally, 218; Odysseus in, 146, 147, 150-51, 172; Patroclus' death in, 160; Phoenix's exhortation in, 155-56, 210, 324; revelation of Achilles' fate in, 152-55; Thucydides on sites of, 109 |
| myth, 338; Chosen People of, 74-78, 80, 117, 274, 338; compared with Hellas, 25-26, 33, 69, 75-76, 90, 95, 100, 117-18, 140, 143, 144, 225, 238-39; and Egypt, 70; Exodus of, 74, 75; and God, 26, 33, 67; growth of, 133; "historical narrative" of Israelites, 115-16, 117; history of, in biblical narrative, 81; Judges of, 113; kingship for, 129; and leap of being, 20, 25, 26, 67, 74, 76, 117-18, 238; limitations of Israelite position, 75-76; and Moses, 23-24, 25, 27, 33, 67, 69, 75, 76, 88, 95, 118, 119, 137, 143; as omphalos of salvation, 117; parallels between Hesiod and prophets, 207, 225, 229-31; and prophets, 72, 74, 79, 88, 90, 113, 117, 118, 140, 207, 225, 229-31; and Revelation, 20, 25, 27, 67, 69, 89, 90, 118, 119, 325; and Suffering Servant, 74, 274 |
| 181n1, 197n4, 198n6, 209n28-29, 240n3, 243n5, 250n15, 251n16, 275n1, 276nn, 296n7, 297n9, 306, 322n4, 356n10, 425n4 |
| 388-89, 392; Heraclitus on, 305, 306; in Hesiod, 201-3, 207-8; in Melian Dialogue, 447-48; and necessity, 434-37; Plato on, 208; Protagoras' antilogies regarding, 370-71. See also Dike (goddess); Dike (righteousness, justice) |
| Sophist on, 387-89, 392; Aristotle on, 400; Democritus on, 378; Hippodamus on, 405; human versus divine laws, 380; of Israel and Jews, 77; Lycophron on, 400; natural law, 392, 397; Socrates and Hippias on, 354-55; and Solon as lawgiver, 268-70; unwritten laws, 354-55, 358. See also Constitutional order; Nomos |
| 325; definition of, 20, 67; in Hellas versus Israel, 20, 25, 26, 67, 74, 76, 117-18, 238; in India and China, 86; of Israel, 20, 25, 26, 67, 74; Jaspers on, 87-88; parallel and multiple leaps in being, 67, 69-70, 74, 80, 86, 88; principles of, 69-73; separation of myth and philosophy by, 195; Toynbee on, 87-88; and truth about order, 69 |
| common Logos in every soul, 311; correlation of Nous-logos and Being, 366-69; Critias on, 397; Democritus on, 375, 390; Dikaios Logos and Adikos logos, 393; Hegel on, 83; and Hellenic prophetic poets, 142; Heraclitus on, 298, 299-300, 302-5, 309-11, 323, 323ns, 335n9, 357; of history, 73; One as, 74-75, 250; Parmenides on, 280, 281, 284, 286-88, 291, 292, 366; philosopher's logos, 83-84, 142; physis instead of, 356; Poseidonius on, 74-75; Sophists on, 285; as story in Hesiod, 214, 215-24 |
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