Roman numerals
preceding page
numbers refer to the eight volumes in
History of Political Ideas
Charlemagne: and Avars,
II:
31; Bossuet
on,
VI:
39; and Charles IV,
III:
204;
coronation of,
II:
11, 52, 58-59;
divisions of empire after death of,
II:
33; empire of,
III:
215; fate of,
III:
58, 58nn7-8; and foundation of
Christian Europe,
VIII:
220, 221,
232; and Frankish-Roman empire,
III:
195;
V:
233; Lombard kingdom
incorporated by,
II:
32; and Mirror of
Saint Augustine,
II:
63; monument
for,
VIII:
169; and oath of allegiance,
II:
119; and Occidental Republic,
VIII:
202; as patron of Charles IV,
III:
204; Saxon war of,
II:
46; as
symbol,
I:
124; theocracy of,
II:
37;
title of, as ruler,
II:
7n17
Charles I, King of England,
VII:
84-8 5,
105, 108, 112, 139
Charles II, King of France,
II:
63
Charles IV, King of France,
III:
204
Charles VI, King of France,
III:
252
401
Charles VII, King of France,
III:
256;
VI:
13, 83
Charles VIII, King of France,
IV:
32
Charles X of France,
I:
156;
VIII:
212
Charles IV, Emperor,
III:
203-5, 209,
236, 239, 2, 41, 242
Charles V, Emperor,
IV:
91, 97, 108;
V:
25
Charles Martel,
II:
57
Charles of Anjou,
III:
39, 49n6, 59-61,
104
Charles of Basse-Lorraine,
III:
58n8
Charles the Bald,
IV:
152
Charles the Bold,
III:
223-24
Charpentier, Jacques,
V:
56
Charron, Pierre,
V:
30
Charter of Charity,
II:
70-71
Chateaubriand, François-Auguste-
René de,
IV:
112;
VIII:
225
Châtelet-Lorraine, Marquise du,
VI:
34-
35, 38, 39n
Chauri Chaura affair,
VIII:
283
Checks and balances,
V:
47
Chef de parti
(party leader),
VII:
120
Chefs des travaux
(industrial
managers),
VIII:
243
Chelcicky, Peter,
III:
175, 175n6
Chemin-Dupontès,
VIII:
209
Chicago Oriental Institute,
I:
9, 51
Chierzey, Synod of,
IV:
154n
Childeric,
II:
57
Chiliastic movements,
III:
171;
IV:
179-
80;
VIII:
225n72
China: and Asiatic migration,
II:
31,
35n; and civilizational process,
IV:
132, 134; European interpretation
of,
II:
3; on hierarchy,
IV:
101; history
of,
VI:
109, 122-23; importance
to Western civilization,
IV:
51n;
V:
146n16; missions to,
II:
79; Montesquieu
on,
VII:
166; myth and
nature,
IV:
224n; Turgot on,
VIII:
126-
27; unification of,
IV:
43; Vitoria's
influence on,
V:
131; Voltaire on,
VI:
39; Western expansion in,
V:
132-
33;
VI:
38; yin and yang symbols,
I:
26-27
Ch'in Shi Huang Ti,
IV:
43
Chioggia, War of,
III:
220
Chiron,
IV:
78
Chomiakow, Alexei,
IV:
279-80n35
Chrimes, S. B.,
III:
155, 155n19, 158
Christ.
See
Jesus Christ
Christenheit oder Europa
(Novalis),
VIII:
220
Christenmensch,
II:
202
Christianae Religionis Institutio
(Calvin).
See Institutes of the
Christian Religion
(Calvin)
Christian commonwealth,
V:
80-88;
VII:
69-70
Christian communist commonwealth,
VII:
97-100
"Christian estate, "
IV:
232-33, 239-41,
244-45, 258-59, 262;
V:
88
Christianitas:
defense of,
V:
118;
disintegration of,
IV:
34-35, 49, 85,
88; as mystical body of Christ,
IV:
117; and preservation of society,
V:
121-23; Salutati on,
IV:
40;
sovereignty of,
V:
113-14; as Western
civilization,
VI:
34
Christianity: absolute order of,
II:
165-
66; and American Indians,
V:
123,
126-27; and
amor Dei,
IV:
64; and
apolitism,
IV:
132-34; and Arabic-
Aristotelian intellectualism,
IV:
136,
139; and Aristotelianism,
II:
80,
81, 178-79, 185, 189n14, 195-
97n; and asceticism,
IV:
100, 142; and
astrology,
V:
149-55; and Augustinian
view of history,
VI:
40; authority of
church and Christian symbols from
1700 to present,
VI:
54-60, 71; and
Bakunin,
VIII:
253-55, 264; and
Baptism,
I:
170; Bodin on,
V:
214; in
Bohemia,
III:
202; and Bossuet,
VI:
36-
37, 46-51; breakdown of Western
Christianity,
VI:
149; and Caesarean
Christianity,
II:
157-59; Calvin's
universalism,
V:
5, 19, 20, 108-10;
central mystery of,
VIII:
27-28; and
Charlemagne,
II:
37; church-state
relations,
I:
151;
IV:
116-19, 119n,
125;
VI:
53-54; civilizing work of
church in Middle Ages,
VI:
52, 125; and
community,
I:
30-32, 94, 150-
51, 155-61, 165-74; in Comte's
Calendrier,
VIII:
196, 201; conflict
with Jewish-Christian community,
I:
174-75, 174n; and consciousness
of epoch,
I:
149-51; continuity
of Christian with intramundane
problems,
VI:
44-51; and conversion,
VIII:
146; conversion of Clovis to,
III:
58; Coptic Christianity,
I:
177;
corruption and disintegration of,
I:
30-40;
III:
182-84;
IV:
68; crisis of,
VII:
285-86; d'Alembert on,
VIII:
94-
96; and Descent of the Spirit,
I:
30-32, 165-66; differentiation
between government and,
II:
3;
disciplinarian schisms in Western
Church,
I:
208-9; and earth,
VIII:
141;
Eastern Christianity,
II:
165-66; and
emperors,
I:
207-8; of Erasmus,
IV:
7, 90-97, 98; Erasmus on ascetic
prince,
IV:
7-8, 91-92, 97-109, 116;
and eschatological hardness of
Jesus,
I:
158-59; and eschatological
hardness of the believers,
I:
160-
61; and eschatology,
VII:
229-30; ethics
of,
IV:
141; evil as viewed
by,
VIII:
279; and faith,
I:
31, 33, 36,
39-40, 167-68; faith and reason,
0: 182, 183-84, 187, 188-90; Fall
and corruption of human nature,
VIII:
279; first duty of Christian,
IV:
114; Franciscan Christianity,
II:
141-42; and freedom,
IV:
68-
69, 252-58, 266; French types
of,
VII:
270-71; and Germanic
tribes,
II:
32; Gnostic distortion
of,
VIII:
32-23, 22-23n, 27, 29;
and God's love for humans,
I:
36;
Gospel of John as
Summa
of
creed,
I:
180; and governmental
authority ordained by God,
I:
172,
172n, 202, 203; and Hellenistic
pneumatics,
I:
175; Helv‚tius on,
VIII:
54; historical literalism of,
III:
110; and historicity of symbols,
IV:
223-2 8, 285-91; history of
generally,
V:
233; ideal of human
existence,
II:
191; and imperial
authority,
I:
204-5; and increase in
unbelief,
IV:
91; and indifference
to social problems,
I:
158, 171-72;
individualism versus community,
I:
32-33; and intellectualism,
II:
208-
11; intramundane forces as analogue
to,
VI:
41-42; intramundane sacred
history,
VI:
42-43; and Israelitic
law,
I:
113; and Jesus,
I:
151-63;
Johannine Christianity,
I:
179-82; and
just war,
V:
117-21, 125, 127,
128; Kierkegaard on,
VII:
203; and
Kingdom of Heaven,
I:
156-62, 166-
67, 169, 201, 207;
II:
37; Locke on,
VI:
76, 172-81; loss of Christian
meaning of history,
VIII:
112-13; and
love,
I:
171, 202;
III:
178-79, 181-83;
VIII:
27-128; and Machiavelli,
IV:
68-
69, 70, 84, 86; and Magian Nations,
I:
182-85; and Maistre,
VIII:
221-
23; and Marcionite movement,
I:
181; Marsilius of Padua on,
III:
97-
101, 98n, 105; Marx on,
VII:
203,
238, 239;
VIII:
61, 340-42, 342n38,
346-47, 358n68; Melanchthon on,
V:
151-52; and mendicant orders,
II:
78-81; minimum dogma of,
IV:
117; missionary activity of,
VII:
167; and monasteries,
II:
11,
63-64; Monophysite Christology,
II:
53, 54; Montanism,
I:
181-82; of
More,
IV:
48, 116-19; national,
civilizational, and dogmatic patterns
in,
I:
176-77; and national cores,
I:
176-79; and Neoplatonism,
VI:
106;
Nietzsche on,
VII:
203, 270-71, 288-
90; and order,
III:
12-13; orthodoxy
and heresy in,
I:
75-76; overview on,
VIII:
27-31; "parochial Christianity, "
III:
15, 168-75, 192; and Pascal,
VII:
254, 255-56, 270-71, 271n52,
285-87, 289; and Paul,
I:
166-75;
persecutions of Christians,
I:
184-85,
207, 208; and philosophy,
IV:
7,
92-93, 98-99; and
Piers Plowman,
III:
178-84; and pneuma of Christ,
VI:
6, 62; pneumatocentric attitude
of,
V:
169, 173, 176; and poor and rich,
I:
156-61; potentialities for unfolding
of,
IV:
142; and poverty,
II:
137-38,
139, 178, 180, 198-203;
IV:
144-45;
and pre-Reformation,
III:
172-75;
priesthood of every Christian,
I:
32-33; proselytizing character of,
I:
178; rearticulation of Christian
era,
VI:
31-34; reformations of,
I:
162; regional spiritual movements,
III:
171-75; relation between perfect
Christianity and free thought,
VII:
270, 271n52; and representation,
III:
152-53; return to healthy
beginnings of,
IV:
69; Roman
Christianity,
IV:
223; and
sacrum
imperium,
I:
31-32, 33, 38, 186;
Savonarola's defense of,
V:
150-51;
Schelling on,
VII:
203, 211, 219-
20, 222, 230-33, 236-39;
VIII:
256;
schisms in,
II:
98-99, 100; and
secularization dynamics,
VI:
51-
57; spiritualism of,
IV:
134; and
spiritual realists,
I:
24-25; Stoicism
compared with,
I:
99, 200, 201-2;
subjection, obedience, and social
order,
I:
70-71; Swift on,
VI:
182-83;
Syrian-Egyptian-Greek Christianity,
I:
176; Third Christianity,
VII:
230-
33, 237; Thomas Aquinas on
community of free Christians,
II:
218-20; Toland on,
VI:
179-83;
toleration of,
I:
149, 207; of Tolstoy,
VIII:
280-82; transformation of, in
classical territory,
I:
183-84; and
transubstantiation,
IV:
224-28, 242-
43; Turgot on,
VIII:
147; universalist
idea of Paul and assertion of ethnic
differences,
I:
173-74; values of,
IV:
68-70; Vico on,
VI:
88-89, 99-101,
106, 109-11, 115, 118, 131; and
view of history,
IV:
41-42, 85, 141;
V:
136, 233;
VII:
245;
VIII:
29-30,
29-30n34; and visions of Resurrected
Jesus,
I:
163-66; Vitoria's association
of humankind with,
V:
1 16-17;
Voegelin's call for new Christian
philosophy of history,
VIII:
29-30,
29-30n34; Voegelin's relationship to,
I:
24-25, 24n, 53; Voltaire's attack
on,
VI:
9,10, 21, 57-71; Warburton's
political sermons,
VI:
156-61; and
Western philosopher,
II:
187; of
William of Ockham,
III:
108-9;
and Wycliffe,
III:
13, 168-70, 172-
75, 184-92; and Yahwism,
I:
115.
See also
Augustine, Saint; Bible;
Catholic Church; Church; Corpus
mysticum; God; Gospels; Heresies;
Jesus Christ; Mysticism; Popes;
Protestantism; Reformation; Saints;
Spiritual movements; Thomas
Aquinas; Trinity
Christianity Not Mysterious
(Toland),
VI:
76, 179-83
Christian Letter of certaine English
Protestants,
V:
80-81n, 93-94
Christian theory of law,
I:
200-205,201n5
Christianum imperium,
III:
205
Christological heresies,
I:
178-79,208
Christus in terris
(Christ on earth),
IV:
207-208
Chronica
(Eusebius),
I:
221
Chronica
(Matthew of Paris),
IV:
44
Chronica Parmensia
(Fra Salimbene),
IV:
44
Chronicon Moissiancense
(Chronicle of
Moissac),
II:
58,59
Chrysippus,
I:
95
Chrysostom,
VI:
46
Church: and Aristotelianism,
II:
179;
Augustine on,
II:
138; and Babylonian
Captivity,
III:
163,164; Calvin
on true church,
IV:
278-83; and
Capitualry of 802,
II:
60-61; Christ
as head of invisible church,
III:
188;
clash between nations and,
III:
40-
42; and
Clericis Laicos,
III:
43,
44; comprensiveness of,
IV:
142;
compromises of,
IV:
140-42; and
Conciliar movement,
III:
12, 24,
41-42, 113,125, 245-66;
IV:
35;
conflict between sects and,
IV:
140-
43; consequences of attack on,
IV:
143; as
corpus diaboli,
II:
100;
corruption of,
III:
182-84; Curia
in,
III:
166-67, 168, 209; discipline
of,
VII:
145; and disintegration
of
Christianitas,
IV:
34-35; as
divine-human organization,
IV:
141;
and Donation of Constantine,
III:
57; ecclesiastical hierarchy,
II:
200-203, 204; and ecclesiastical
totalitarianism,
III:
52-53; and
episcopal authority,
II:
203; Erasmus
on,
IV:
98; excommunication from,
VII:
127, 145; in France,
III:
253-55,
256; Francis of Assisi on,
II:
138-49; in
Germany,
III:
198, 256;
IV:
233; and
Golden Bull,
III:
198, 203-16,
228; and Great Schism,
III:
41,
163, 188, 191, 192, 245-53; Greek
Church,
III:
250; Hobbes on,
VII:
69,
70; Hooker's types of ecclesiastical
organization,
V:
86; and Hussite
question,
III:
41-42; and
Index
Prohibitorum Librorum,
III:
112; and
indulgences,
IV:
229-31, 242,
245; infallibility of,
III:
111, 124-25,
247; and Investiture Struggle,
III:
15,
40, 66, 79, 92, 103, 116, 193; and
Jubilee of 1450,
III:
42; and Leipzig
Disputation,
IV:
16, 220-23, 224, 231;
Locke on,
VII:
142; Luther on reforms
needed in,
IV:
240-44; Marsilius
of Padua on,
III:
97-101, 98n, 105;
Milton on,
VII:
93-95; minimum
dogma for state religion,
VII:
134-3 5;
monarchical government for,
III:
252,
258; and nationalism,
III:
40-42, 255-
56; Nicholas of Cusa on government
of,
III:
263-66; Pomonazzion,
IV:
98; as
power organization,
III:
41;
and pre- Reformation,
III:
172-
75; privatization of,
VII:
142-44;
reform and anticivilizational effects,
IV:
143-45; regional spiritual
movements,
III:
171-75; and
representation,
III:
152-53; and
Rienzo,
III:
235, 237, 241, 243; and
Roman law,
II:
167; sacraments of,
IV:
140, 141, 143, 159, 274, 275,
277, 278; Schelling on,
VII:
225-27;
schism between Greek Church
and Latin Church,
IV:
16, 220-24,
279-80n35; secular civilization
and withdrawal of,
III:
109-12;
separation of church and state,
IV:
117, 119n;
V:
21, 47; and spiritual
hierarchy,
II:
200-203, 204; state
as,
VIII:
207-9; temporal power of,
III:
11-12, 120-21, 187-88, 248, 253;
territorial church,
II:
60-61; Thomas
Aquinas on,
II:
212; transformation
of organization of,
III:
164-67; and
transubstantiation,
IV:
223-28,
242-43; and Unam Sanctam,
III:
43-
46, 47; and Universal Inquisition,
III:
112; and varietas religionum,
II:
128; William of Ockham on,
III:
120-21; and Wycliffe,
III:
13, 168-
70, 172-75, 184-92.
See also
Catholic
Church; Christianity; Church of
England;
Corpus mysticum;
Popes;
Protestantism; Reformation; and
specific churches
Churchill, Winston,
VIII:
227n74
Church Militant,
III:
188
Church of England: and Act of
Supremacy of 1534,
V:
20-21; and
Anglican schism,
VI:
10,
52; authority of,
III:
255;
VII:
77; in
commonwealth,
V:
74-90;
establishment of,
III:
129, 130;
Hooker on,
V:
98; and independence
from papacy,
III:
167-68; intellectual
and spiritual functioning of,
VI:
153-56; Luther on,
IV:
233;
nationalization of,
III:
168;
VI:
75; and
Puritanism,
VI:
10, 163; royal
supremacy of,
V:
27, 40
Church of Jerusalem,
I:
175
Church of Lyons,
I:
177
Church reform: and Cardinal Humbert,
II:
91-94; and Crusades,
II:
72-
73; and growth of evocation,
II:
65-68; mendicant orders,
II:
77-81; military orders,
II:
73-
77; monastic reform,
II:
68-72; spirit
militant,
II:
72-81; Tractatus
Eboracenses,
II:
95-101.
See also
Counter-Reformation; Investiture
Controversy; Reformation
Church-state,
Constitutiones
Egidianae
of,
IV:
39
Church-state relations,
I:
151;
IV:
116-
19, 119n, 125;
VI:
53-54;
VII:
223-24
Cicero: Augustine's critique of,
I:
217-
19; Bodin compared with,
V:
221n65,
222; on Caesar,
I:
133, 140; Calvinist
view of,
V:
57; clarity of,
I:
131; as
common intelligence of humankind,
I:
131; on consent as basis of civil
society,
VII:
140; death of,
I:
138;
definitions of the people and the
republic by,
I:
217-18;
V:
43; and
Grotius,
VII:
53, 57; hieroglyphic
character of works of,
I:
52, 131-
32, 134, 136-37; identification of
Roman order and world order,
I:
197,
199; and
imperium Romanum,
I:
150; influence of, on trend toward
deification of positive order,
I:
202; and
myth of government,
I:
136; and
myth of law,
I:
136-37, 219;
II:
163;
narrowness and conservatism of,
I:
132-33; on
officia
(duties),
I:
99; and
Panaetius,
I:
133-35; and Plato,
I:
131-32, 133; and Polybius,
I:
133; on
Rome,
I:
132-38, 140, 145;
II:
164; as
Stoic,
I:
133, 191, 199;
II:
119;
Voegelin's reasons for including,
I:
53; on wise human,
I:
134
—Work
s:
Laws,
I:
131-32;
Republic,
I:
131-32, 134, 135, 137
Cimbri,
II:
30
Ciompi,
II:
221;
III:
231;
IV:
40-41
Cistercian reform and Cistercian
monasteries,
II:
70-71, 73, 133-34;
III:
66, 171
Citeaux,
II:
70-71
Citoyens,
VIII:
236
Città,
IV:
210
Città corrotta,
IV:
59, 86
City of the Sun
(Campanella),
IV:
112
City-states: area of,
III:
216-18; Burgundy,
III:
223-24; constitution
of Venice,
III:
232-33; feudal world
and towns,
III:
218-19; and Fourth
Crusade,
III:
221-22; in Germany,
III:
216-19, 224-28; and Hansa,
III:
224-27; internal structure
of towns,
III:
229-32; in Italy,
III:
10, 154, 217-18, 220-23, 228,
230-33; organization of Venetian
conquest,
III:
222-23; Southwest
German leagues,
III:
227-28; Swiss
Confederation,
III:
228-29; trade
routes and food supply,
III:
220-21
Cives Romani,
II:
170
Civil discipline,
V:
193-94
Civil disobedience,
VIII:
282-83
Civil Dominion
(Wycliffe),
III:
185,
186-88
Civil government. See Government
Civilization: Condorcet on destruction
of historical civilization,
VIII:
155-
57, 203, 362; cycles of,
V:
23;
disintegration of,
I:
40; epochs of,
V:
144-46; Gobineau on,
VIII:
126; Le
Roy's optimism on,
V:
144; Rousseau
on,
VIII:
130; Seneca's critique of,
I:
199-200; superiority of,
V:
127-18;
Toynbee on "creative minority" and,
VIII:
131; Toynbee on destruction of,
VIII:
94, 127
Civil law,
V:
148
Civil lordship,
IV:
77-78
Civil state.
See
State
Civil wars: deaths in,
VII:
65-66;
VIII:
82; in
England,
III:
141,
IV:
151;
VII:
73, 84-85, 101, 106, 139; in
France,
VI:
84; in Rome,
I:
188; in
United States,
VII:
90
Civitas
(civil community): Erasmus
on,
IV:
100, 106; fatality of,
I:
217;
Marsilius on,
III:
86, 87, 93, 95-97;
political form of,
V:
224; Siger de
Brabant on,
II:
194; Thomas Aquinas
on,
II:
13, 215, 218, 220; types in,
V:
58
Civitas De
I:
Augustine on,
I:
79, 134-
35, 213-16;
II:
114n, 115n3;
IV:
43,
110; Bodin on,
V:
202; Dante on,
III:
81; Hearnshaw's interpretation of,
I:
214n; Hooker on,
V:
83, 84; Luther
on,
IV:
263-65, 272; Machiavelli on,
IV:
85; More on,
IV:
120; Pauline
idea of,
I:
213-16; peace for,
I:
219; and
politics,
I:
207; symbolism of,
I:
209-10
Civitas Dei
(Augustine),
VI:
35, 110,
111
Civitas diaboli
(city of the devil),
I:
213;
II:
93
Civitas perfecta,
II:
25
Civitas terrena,
I:
79, 209, 214, 218,
219;
II:
114;
IV:
263, 264
Civitates
(several polities),
II:
166;
III:
226;
V:
68, 224
Civium universitas,
III:
89
Clairvaux,
II:
71
Clarendon Code,
VI:
153
Clarisses,
IV:
149
Clarke, Samuel,
VI:
58, 66, 193, 202-5,
202n74, 205n, 212, 213, 213n
Class structure,
II:
192;
VIII:
233, 256-
57, 259.
See also
Bourgeoisie; Middle
class; Poverty; Proletariat; Workers
Class struggle: d'Alembert on,
VIII:
97-
98; and greatest-happiness principle,
VIII:
75; Helvétius on,
VIII:
77-79;
Marx on,
VIII:
305-6, 313n7
Class Struggles in France
(Engels),
VIII:
313
Claude, M.,
VI:
49-51
Claudian house of emperors,
I:
186
Claudius,
I:
191
Claudius II Gothicus,
I:
186
Clausula rebus sic stantibus.
VIII:
77
Cleanthes,
I:
95
Cleisthenes,
I:
135
Clemens,
III:
235, 235n
Clemens Alexandrinus,
I:
236
Clement, Jacques,
V:
40n
Clement, Third Epistle of,
II:
203
Clement IV, Pope,
III:
60
Clement V, Pope,
III:
164, 253
Clement VI, Pope,
III:
165, 167, 185,
235
Clement VII, Pope,
III:
245
Clementine decrees,
IV:
185
Clement of Alexandria,
IV:
272
Cleopatra,
I:
92, 141-43, 221
Cleopatra Selene,
I:
142
Cleph,
II:
47
Clericis Laicos,
III:
43, 44, 138-39
Clientes,
VI:
138
Climates, theory of,
V:
229-31, 241-42;
VII:
169
Closure,
V:
74;
VI:
12, 78-81
Clotsworthy,
VII:
109
Cloud of Unknowing,
III:
177
Clovis,
II:
33, 56;
III:
58
Cluny and Cluniac reforms,
II:
68-71,
73, 81, 105;
III:
152, 171, 196, 197;
IV:
149
Codex Justinianus,
I:
236;
III:
149
Coelestium siderum legibus soluti,
V:
213
Cogitare
(thinking about),
VI:
96-97,
107, 145
Cogitationes,
VI:
98
Cogito,
VI:
99, 107-8
Cogito ergo sum,
VI:
145
Cognitio fidei,
VI:
59, 71, 182;
VII:
186;
VIII:
301
Cognitio historia,
V:
225
Cognitio historiarum,
V:
225
Coincidentia oppositorum,
VIII:
369
Coke, Sir Edward,
VII:
76
Coker, Francis W.,
I:
6
Cola di Rienzo. See Rienzo, Cola di
Cole, G. D. H.,
III:
143
"Collaborator" argument,
IV:
115-16
Collective existence of humankind,
II:
191-93, 194
Collectivism,
I:
37
Collegio, collegium,
III:
215, 233
Collier, Thomas,
IV:
165-67, 168
Collingwood, R. G.,
VI:
132n
Colloquium Heptaplomeres
(Bodin),
I:
35;
II:
80;
V:
23, 181, 184, 185,
187, 196, 205-18, 222, 238, 239-40;
VII:
193
Colonies: in America,
VII:
80, 86-
89, 91-92, 103, 109, 141-42,
144; German colonization of the
East,
III:
199-203; independence of,
VIII:
156.
See also
Imperialism
Colonna, Cardinal,
III:
38
Comble de tous erreurs,
V:
202
Comets,
V:
163, 164-65, 165n76
Commentaries
(Averroës),
II:
179-82
Commentary
(Alexander of Aphro-
disias),
II:
184
Commentary
(Peter Lombard),
III:
176
Commentary on the Gospel of Saint
John
(Erigena),
IV:
154
Commodus,
I:
191-92, 193
Common intelligence (koine epinoia),
I:
129-31
Common law,
III:
130;
VII:
76
Common man. See Human nature
Commonwealth: Christian common-
wealth,
V:
80-88;
VII:
69-70; as civil
state,
VII:
69; and control of opinion,
VII:
70; definition of,
II:
121-22;
Diggers' idea of Christian communist
commonwealth,
VII:
97-100; of
England,
V:
74-78; Harrington on,
VII:
100-1O3; Hobbes on,
VII:
67-72;
Hooker's Christian commonwealth,
V:
80-88; John of Salisbury on,
II:
158,
212; legal closure of,
VII:
68-69; Locke
on,
VII:
142; More on,
IV:
123-
24; spiritual closure of,
VII:
69-70,
77
Commune consilium regni,
II:
120;
III:
152
Communes,
III:
136, 218, 230-35
Communicatio
(communion),
V:
57
Communism: antispiritualism of,
VIII:
139-40; appeal of, to masses,
VII:
144; and Bakunin,
VIII:
266-67;
and belief of science,
VI:
184, 209;
collapse of,
VIII:
15; and earlier
sectarian movements,
VI:
32; and
elites,
VIII:
132, 134; eschatological
speculation of,
IV:
178; historical
perspective of,
VIII:
361-62; Hooker
on,
V:
98; and industrial system,
VIII:
133-34; and Lenin,
III:
72;
VIII:
312- 16; and Marxist movement
generally,
I:
157-58;
V:
111; Marx
on crude communism and true
communism,
VIII:
359-61, 371;
Marx on goal of,
VIII:
14-15; and
Marx's
Communist Manifesto,
IV:
245;
VIII:
216, 303, 310, 312n7,
361-66; in mid-twentieth century,
II:
198n; and miscarriage of plan,
IV:
156, 17S; and More,
IV:
9, 125; and
Moscow trials,
V:
77; and nationalist
social movements,
II:
76-77; and
National Socialism,
I:
160, 210;
II:
198n;
IV:
175;
V:
132;
VI:
32; origins
of,
I:
115, 160; and planning,
VII:
188;
pyramid structure of,
VIII:
289-90;
and Russian idea of corruption of
the West,
IV:
279n35; and Russian
imperialism,
VIII:
319; and Spengler's
philosophy,
VI:
120; and
Syllabus
Errorum of 1864,
III:
110; systems of,
I:
20; and Third Realm,
VII:
241; and
Third Realm of ideas,
I:
210;
II:
132;
tribalism of,
VIII:
117; ultimate aims
of,
VIII:
364-65;
Utopia's
influence
on,
IV:
130, 135; Vico on,
VI:
146;
comm(voltaire)to Discours sur l'ensemble(Comte)
Voltaire compared to,
VI:
63; in
Western countries,
VIII:
287-88.
See
also
Proletariat
Communis opinio,
II:
169
Communist Manifesto
(Marx),
IV:
245;
VIII:
216, 303, 310, 312n7, 361-66
Communitas
(community),
III:
213;
V:
67
Communitas civitatis,
III:
148
Communitas comitatus,
III:
148
Communitas communitatum,
V:
113
Communitas perfecta,
II:
218;
III:
56,
86, 87
Community: and Christianity,
I:
30-
32, 94, 150-51, 155-61, 165-
72; as Christ's body and spirit,
I:
155, 170-71; and "civilizational
disintegration, "
I:
40; consciousness
of,
III:
21-25; and
corpus mysticum,
I:
30-32, 38; and Descent of the
Spirit,
I:
165-66; Grotius on desire
for,
VII:
57-58; Hobbes on,
VII:
65; idea of,
VII:
12-13; individualism
versus,
I:
32-33; and Israel,
I:
113,
114, 116; papal power versus,
I:
37-
39; Paul on Christian community,
I:
167-68, 170-71; poor and rich in
Christian community,
I:
156-61; and
Stoicism,
I:
99-100; of women,
I:
96, 236.
See also
Civitas
(civil
community);
Ecclesia
(community)
Commynes, Philippe de,
IV:
34
Compacta
of 1433,
III:
42
Compagnies d'Ordonnance,
III:
224
Campañia
(military band or cohort),
V:
61
Compass,
V:
146n16
Compassion,
VI:
8, 62-64, 68-70, 72
"Compromise with the world,"
II:
9, 14
Comte, Auguste: and abolition
of Christ,
VIII:
201-2; and
anti-intellectualism and an-
tiphilosophism,
IV:
237, 238-39; and
antireligious ideology,
VI:
51, 75; and
Apocalypse of Man,
VIII:
184-
85, 343; and Bakunin,
VIII:
12,
297; on beginning of "provisional"
positivist era,
VIII:
195-96; Bodin
on,
V:
236; compared to Calvin,
IV:
291; compared with Marx,
VIII:
13-14, 185, 230, 258, 359, 368;
concluding comments on,
VIII:
245-
50; continuity in life of,
VIII:
174-85;
creation of new elites by,
VIII:
132;
d'Alembert's influence on,
VIII:
89;
death of,
VIII:
178, 184; "decisive"
proclamation of,
VIII:
168-69; and
divinization of woman,
VIII:
189-
91; Dumas on,
VIII:
167-69, 170;
education of,
VIII:
175; and end of
amicitia,
I:
36; and Engels,
VIII:
335;
eschatological speculation of,
IV:
17 8;
VII:
7; on fiction of Christ,
VIII:
196-
98; financial situation of,
VIII:
183; and
French Revolution,
VIII:
195-
211; and Global Republic,
VIII:
179; as
Gnostic,
VIII:
236-41, 368; on
governants
(rulers) and
gouvernés
(ruled),
VIII:
236; on
Grand-Être,
VIII:
10, 96, 113, 184-85, 196-99,
214; and harmonization of heart
and intellect,
VIII:
186-87, 248; on
historicity of mind,
VIII:
191-92; on
history,
VIII:
236-41;
hygiène
cérébrale
of,
VIII:
176, 180, 180n23,
194; intellectual autobiography
by,
VIII:
175-77; on intervention
and social regeneration,
VIII:
180-
81; introductory comments on,
VIII:
7-11, 29, 161-63; intuition of,
VIII:
193-94, 234-45; and laws of
three phases,
VI:
43-45, 104n12; and
Littre,
VIII:
165-74, 193, 215,
248-49; on meditation and personal
renovation,
VIII:
176, 179-80, 181,
343; and memory of
Grand-Être,
IV:
47n13; mental disturbance
of,
VIII:
164-69; mental unity of,
VIII:
176, 185-94; messianism of,
VIII:
168-71, 195-96, 241-45, 247;
Mill on,
VIII:
163-64, 170, 180,
215; and modern science,
VI:
184;
and monadic closure,
VIII:
192-94,
215; monumentalization of private
life of,
VIII:
182-84; and murder
of God,
VIII:
202; on Napoleon,
VIII:
169, 204-6; and Occidental
Republic,
VIII:
164-65, 178, 179,
185, 195, 202-6, 221-22, 227-28;
"operation" of,
VIII:
194, 210; and
perfecti
of enlightenment,
IV:
213;
phases of work of,
VIII:
177-79; on
political intellectuals,
VIII:
234-
36; as political thinker,
IV:
125;
Positivism of,
VIII:
88, 108, 134, 139,
165, 186, 297, 307; and pragmatism,
VI:
209; on progress,
VIII:
131, 136-
37; and Protestant elect,
IV:
15; as
publicist,
VIII:
234-36; relation
with Clotilde de Vaux,
VIII:
163,
174, 182, 184, 187-91, 195; on
Religion of Humanity,
VIII:
10, 163,
166-67, 185, 193, 194-210, 216,
221-22, 248-49; and restratification
of society,
VI:
212-13; and Saint-
Simon,
VIII:
175, 206-7, 216, 228-33;
scientism of,
VIII:
142, 238-39, 242,
243-45, 248, 251; as secularist,
IV:
194, 201; significance of,
VI:
150;
VIII:
108; spiritual impotence of,
VIII:
199-200; split in life of,
VIII:
163-74; style of explication
of,
VIII:
181-82; theory subtypes,
II:
130; on three phases of history,
VII1: 7, 11, 104, 108-9, 136-37, 175,
244-50; and Turgot,
VIII:
11, 104,
107-9, 119, !20; utilitarianism of,
VIII:
98, 192-93; Vico on,
VI:
108,
147; Voegelin on generally,
I:
45;
and Western crisis,
VIII:
161-63;
will of,
VIII:
184; and will to power,
VIII:
200-202
—Works:
Appel au conservateurs,
VIII:
178;
Appel au public occidental,
VIII:
178; "A sa majesté le tzar
Nicolas,"
VIII:
179; "A son
excellence Reschid-Pascha, "
VIII:
179;
Calendrier positiviste,
VIII:
178, 178n20, 196, 201;
Catéchisme positiviste,
VIII:
178;
"Considérations philosophiques
sur les sciences et les savants,"
VIII:
178; "Considérations sur
le pouvoir spirituel, "
VIII:
178;
Cours de philosophie positive,
VIII:
163, 170, 175-81, 195, 199-
200, 229;
Discours préliminaire,
VIII:
186-87, 191-92;
Discours
sur 1'ensemble du positivisme,
VIII:
178; "Essor empirique du
républicanisme français, "
VIII:
164-
65;
Le fondateur de la Société
positiviste, à quiconque désire s'y
incorporer,
VIII:
178;
Philosophie
politique
,
VIII:
177; "Plan des
travaux scientifiques nécessaires pour
réorganiser la société, "
VIII:
177-
78, 241-45; "Préface personelle, "
VIII:
175, 180, 181; Prières,
VIII:
188-
90; "Séparation générale entre les
opinions et les désirs, "
VIII:
234-
36; "Sommaire appréciation de
1'ensemble du passé moderne, "
VIII:
237-41;
Synthèse subjective,
VIII:
178-79, 178n21, 192;
Système
de logique positive,
VIII:
178;
Système de
politique positive,
VIII:
163, 177-78, 183, 186, 195,
196n37, 197-99, 206, 216
Comte, Charles,
VIII:
216-18
Comuneros,
IV:
108
Conantur,
VI:
108
Conatus
(Vico),
VI:
104-6, 105n13, 108
"Conceit of scholars, "
VI:
16-17
Concentration camps,
IV:
180;
VII:
192
Conciliar movement: and
Concor-
dantia Catholica,
III:
256-66; and
concordats,
III:
255-56; and Conrad of
Gelnhausen,
III:
246-47; and decree
Frequens,
III:
247-48, 250; forerunner
of,
II:
203;
III:
113, 125; and French
National Council of 1398,
III:
252-54; and
French National Council of 1406,
III:
254-55; and Gallicanism,
III:
252-
56; and Great Schism,
III:
245-53; and
Henry of Langenstein,
III:
246; impact
of,
III:
12; and national concordats,
III:
252-56; and Nicholas of Cusa,
III:
24, 251-52, 256-66;
IV:
35;
nominalism and jurisdictionalism
in,
III:
248-52; purposes of,
III:
41-42;
IV:
35
Concives
(fellow citizens),
III:
149
Concordantia
(spiritual harmony),
III:
17, 24-25, 257, 258, 263-66
Concordantia Catholica
(Nicholas of
Cusa),
III:
24, 252n, 256-66
Concordantia discordantium
canonum
(Gratian),
II:
172
Concordantia infinita,
III:
265-66
Concordantissima unio
,
III:
258, 266
Concordat of Genzano,
III:
256
Concordat of Vienna,
III:
251, 256
Concordat of Worms,
II:
68, 91, 105,
108;
III:
206
Concordats,
III:
252-56;
IV:
137
Concordats of Constance,
III:
256
Concordia,
I:
94;
III:
215
Concordia novi ac veteris testamenti,
II:
131
Concordi comunione
(common
possession),
I:
218
Concorditer,
III:
211
"Concrete man, "
VIII:
113-14
Condé, Prince de,
VII:
106, 119
Condillac, Etienne Bonnot de,
VI:
150;
VIII:
48, 68
Conditio humana
(human condition),
IV:
79-81;
VIII:
307.
See also
Human
nature
Condorcet, Marquis de: on burning
documents,
VIII:
151n64; and
Comte,
VIII:
175, 195, 216, 238; on
contemplation and elysium,
VIII:
160; on destruction of historical
civilization,
VIII:
155-57, 203,
362; on directing the destiny
of humankind,
VIII:
153-54; on
intellectuals and propagating the
faith,
VIII:
149-53, 235; personality
of,
IV:
268; on printing,
VIII:
151-52,
152n65; on progress,
VIII:
153-55,
194; on social reforms,
VIII:
157-
58; on Superman,
IV:
187, 194;
VI:
209;
VIII:
158-59; utilitarianism
of,
VIII:
231
—Work
:
Esquisse,
VIII:
8, 8n, 148-61,
Condottieri,
IV:
38
Confession
(Bakunin),
VIII:
259-76
Confession du Pêcheur
(Pascal),
VII:
256, 286
Confessions
(Augustine),
I:
206, 207;
VI:
213n
Conflictus,
VI:
201
Confucianism and Confucius,
IV:
101,
134;
VI:
50;
VIII:
196
Congregatio
(life of group),
V:
67
Congregational societies,
IV:
169
Congress of Vienna of 1815,
VIII:
219
Coningsby
(Disraeli),
III:
142
Conjurationes,
III:
218
Connaissances humaines
(human
knowledge), VIÉÉ:89, 90
Connecticut settlement,
VII:
87-88,
109
Conrad, Joseph,
IV:
112
Conrad of Gelnhausen,
III:
246-47,
247n5
Conregnans,
II:
99
Conring, Hermann,
V:
187
Conscience: Grotius on,
VII:
58; Kant
on,
IV:
26o;
VII:
93; Milton on,
VII:
93;
Nietzsche on cruelty of,
VII:
276-77,
295; Williams on liberty of,
VII:
91
Consciousness: Bruno on ecstasy of
speculation,
V:
173; community
consciousness,
III:
21-25; definition
of,
V:
72- 73; epochal consciousness,
I:
149-5I, 168-70, 210-13, 220;
VI. 31-34
Consciousness-reality,
I:
43-45
Consensu iuris
(consent to right order),
I:
217-18
Consensus in idem, pactum et
stipulatio,
V:
43
Consent theory,
V:
101, 103, 105;
VII:
149-50
Considerata quantitate,
III:
90
"Considérations philosophiques sur
les sciences et les savants" (Comte),
VIII:
178
Considérations sur la France
(Maistre),
VIII:
220, 221
"Considérations sur le pouvoir
spirituel" (Comte),
VIII:
178
Consilium
(baronial parliament),
III:
136, 140, 152
Consilium Pacis
(Henry of Langen-
stein),
III:
246, 247n3
Consistorium,
III:
235
Consociatio
(organized social life),
V:
57;
VII:
49
Consociatio privata,
V:
58
Consociatio publica
,
V:
58
Consociation,
V:
57-58
Consorterie,
III:
231
Conspectu Dei
,
I:
206;
V:
191, 240-41
Conspiracies,
III:
214;
IV:
60, 64, 127
Conspiratio divitum
(conspiracy of the
rich),
IV:
123
Constance, concordats of,
III:
256
Constance, Council of,
III:
41, 248-50,
255;
IV:
222
Constance, peace of,
III:
197
Constance of Sicily,
II:
145, 147
Constans II,
II:
54
Constant, Benjamin,
VII:
118;
VIII:
212-
13, 225
Constantia in Deo,
VI:
94
Constantine, Emperor, 1:178, 198,
207-8;
II:
6, 11, 56, 60, 188n;
III:
236;
VIII:
313n7
Constantine Donation,
III:
57, 191
Constantinople: and Catherine of
Valois,
III:
222; church's role in,
IV:
224; crusade to,
III:
221; fall of,
III:
39, 40;
IV:
44, 243;
V:
112, 141;
VIII:
101; as seat of government,
I:
186; threat to,
I:
183
Constantius II,
I:
208;
II:
5 6
Constitutio Lotharii,
II:
82n
Constitutionalism: and
Agreement
of the People in England,
VII:
81-
83; in American colonies,
VII:
103,
141-42; Cicero on constitution
of Rome,
I:
135; and community
consciousness,
III:
21-25; constitu-
tional monarchy,
V:
40;
VII:
84; and
contract theory,
I:
110; and Council of
Constance,
III:
248-49; definition of,
III:
141, 141n; development of,
III:
19;
IV:
2, 32-33; in England,
III:
22, 23-24,
128, 129, 134, 141-45, 149;
VI:
156;
VII:
24, 51, 81-83, 168; in Germany,
III:
83-84; Harrington on,
VII:
102-3;
and hierarchy of powers,
II:
222;
III:
46; medieval world as forerunner
of,
III:
6, 21; Nicholas of Cusa on,
III:
24-25, 265; philosophic-Christian
synthesis and,
III:
19-20, 21, 41,
56; and representation,
III:
22-23;
Schelling on constitution making,
VI:
145; sources of,
III:
20; Spinoza
on,
VII:
135; as symbol,
III:
22,
144-46; Thomas Aquinas on,
II:
220-
23, 229; and tripolity of Polybius,
I:
127, 129; U. S. Constitution,
I:
129;
V:
24;
VII:
82; Venetian constitution,
III:
232-33; Voegelin's analysis of
process of,
III:
21-22; Warburton on,
VI:
160-6l, 172
Constitution Deo auctore (De
conceptione digestorum),
II:
165-
66
Constitutions Egidianae,
IV:
39
Constitutions and Canons of 1604,
VII:
77
Constitutions of Melfi
(Frederick II),
II:
12, 13, 148, 151-57, 173;
III:
205
Constitutio omnem,
II:
164
Constitutio tanta (De conformatione
digestorum),
II:
165-66
Consubstantiation,
IV:
181, 226
Consulate of the Sea,
V:
113
Contarini, Carlo,
V:
247n102;
VI:
83
Contemplatio,
V:
235n75
Contemplation,
V:
193-95, 240-41,
250;
VII:
20
Contemplative life
(vita contempla-
tiva),
III:
176;
IV:
71, 268;
VII:
32-33,
262-69, 269n45, 274-81, 289.
See
also
Bios theoretikos
Contemptus mundi,
V:
139, 157;
VI:
68;
VII:
258;
VIII:
120
Contemptus vulgi,
IV:
246
Contese eroiche,
VI:
115, 139, 140
Contra bonam et debitam politiam,
III:
253
Contracts,
VII:
50, 66-67, 138
Contract theory,
I:
110;
II:
89n13;
V:
31,
35n, 57;
VI:
145;
VII:
137-38, 158, 159
Contractual origin of the state,
II:
89n13
Contractus socialia
(contract),
V:
57
Contradictio in adjecto,
VIII:
321, 332
Contrat Social
(Rousseau),
III:
93;
VII:
115
Conventicle Act of 1664,
VI:
154
Conventions, Hume on,
VII:
161
Conventuals,
IV:
150
Conversi
(lay brothers),
II:
70
Conversio,
IV:
224-2 8
Conversio
(intention),
V:
188, 198-99
Conversio in Deum,
V:
198
Convivio
(Dante),
IV:
102n22, 210,
210n, 212, 213
Cook, Thomas Ira,
VI:
2
Copernicus: Bodin on,
V:
181; and
Bruno,
VII:
205; Bruno on,
V:
170-
72, 170n81, 175n92; cosmology of,
V:
137, 155-59; and Hellenic cosmos,
V:
162; Kepler on,
V:
156n52; theory
of sun and relativity,
VI:
184-89;
Tycho de Brahe on,
V:
166
Coptic Christianity,
I:
177
Cordon sanitaire,
III:
18
Corinthians, Epistle to,
I:
174-75;
II:
7-
8;
III:
46, 74;
IV:
206, 207, 212n55,
225-26, 226n, 235
Corinthians, letter to,
V:
48
Cork, Earl of,
VII:
109
Corporation Act of 1661,
VI:
155
Corps de négocians
(business
community),
VIII:
78-79
Corpus Aristotelicum,
IV:
92
Corpus diaboli,
I:
208-9;
II:
92, 100;
III:
185;
V:
202;
VII:
286
Corpus Hermeticum,
VIII:
20
Corpus juris canonici
,
II:
173
Corpus juris civilis,
II:
152, 173
Corpus mixtum,
I:
213
Corpus mysticum
(mystical body):
apocalyptic experience of,
I:
30-
32; augmentation of,
III:
260-262;
Augustine on,
I:
213; Catholic
doctrine on,
II:
230n; and charismatic
temporal power,
III:
40-41;
Christianitas
as,
IV:
117; compared
with autonomy of persons,
II:
134; compared with collectivist
interpretation of humankind,
II:
154;
compared with
sacrum imperium,
III:
46; in
Concordantia,
III:
260-61n,
266; and Council of Constance,
III:
250-52; and differences of human
gifts,
I:
170-71; disruptions to and
end of,
II:
191, 195;
III:
110; as
divine-cosmic-human unity of
all things in God,
III:
24; and
England,
V:
73, 81; in
Epistle to
Hebrews,
I:
167-68; Franciscan
Order as new
corpus mysticum,
III:
113; harmonious balance of
powers in,
VII:
76; hierarchical
order of,
I:
38;
II:
199;
III:
259-
60; and institutional structure,
IV:
132;
V:
22; Joachitic Dux as
head of,
III:
242; Luther on,
IV:
262;
Machiavelli on,
IV:
64; national
bodies as,
III:
11, 25; Nietzsche on,
VII:
290; Paul on,
I:
155, 216;
II:
7-8;
in
Policraticus,
II:
121; Rienzo on,
III:
235, 237, 243; Rome as,
III:
235,
237; rulership within,
II:
86, 157;
secular
corpus mysticum,
III:
158-
59, 162; theoretical formulations of,
II:
62-63; Walram of Naumburg on,
II:
87n; and weakness of humans,
I:
170-71;
IV:
140; and William of
Ockham,
III:
110, 120
Corpus mysticum Christi,
VI:
42;
VII:
232
Corpus mysticum Francisci,
II:
110;
VI:
32
Corpus mysticum humanitatis,
VI:
42
Corpus politicum
(body politic),
V:
67,
68
Corsi, corso,
VI:
88-89, 109, 116-19,
121-26, 131, 134, 136-44, 147
Corsica,
III:
240
Cosmas Indicopleustes,
II:
7
Cosmic individual,
V:
224
Cosmions,
I:
18-22, 43-44, 225-33;
II:
4,
4n10, 6, 108;
VII:
15-16, 18-19, 22,
23, 25, 59-60, 170
Cosmography,
V:
225-26
Cosmology: ancient cosmology,
V:
158n56; biblical cosmology,
V:
157; of Bodin,
V:
158-62, 236-37,
242-43; Copernican cosmology,
V:
137, 155-59, 156n52, 162, 166,
170-72, 170n81, 181; Ptolemaic
cosmology,
V:
157, 158, 166;
Tychonian cosmology,
V:
163-66,
165n75
Cosmopolis:Cicero on,
I:
124, 135, 199;
Diogenes on,
I:
78-79, 196, 200; open
cosmopolis of wise men,
I:
106; polis
versus,
I:
78-79, 116, 149; Rome as,
I:
135, 137; and Stoicism,
I:
98, 125,
149, 199;
II:
119
Cosmos: Bodin on cosmic hierarchy,
V:
161-62; Bruno on,
V:
171-75;
as closed space,
V:
137-38, 171;
infinity of,
V:
173-74, 174-75n92;
and politics,
I:
212, 227; spiritual
substance throughout,
V:
172-7 3;
substance of,
V:
172-73.
See also
Nature
Cosmos
(Aristotle),
V:
158n56
Cosmos empsychos,
V:
162, 172
Costa, Uriel da,
VII:
127
Cotton, John,
VII:
87, 89
Council of Basel,
III:
24, 250-52, 256,
258;
IV:
40
Council of Chalcedon,
I:
176;
II:
53
Council of Clerrnont,
II:
72
Council of Constance,
III:
248-50, 255;
IV:
222
Council of Ephesus,
I:
176, 183-84
Council of Ferrara/Florence,
III:
250
Council of Florence,
IV:
220
Council of Langres,
IV:
154n
Council of Lateran,
III:
171, 251
Council of Newton,
VIII:
231
Council of Nicaea,
I:
174n;
IV:
240
Council of Pisa,
III:
250
Council of Pisa/Siena,
III:
250
Council of the Apostles,
I:
174, 174n
Council of the French Church of
Orleans/Bourges,
III:
256
Council of the North,
VII:
108-9
Council of Trent,
III:
111;
V:
19;
VII:
256,
285
Council of Valence,
IV:
154n
Council of Vienne,
IV:
185
Counsel function,
V:
193
Counter-Reformation: and astrology,
V:
136; and Christian idea of
universality,
VI:
36; and conflicts
caused by regional differences,
VI:
14,
33, 84; in Italy,
VI:
85; and Jesuits,
V:
17; and Machiavelli,
IV:
31, 88; and
pluralism of churches and
communities,
V:
21; and recuperative
forces of Catholic Church,
IV:
137; and
Thirty Years War,
V:
110
Cours de philosophie positive
(Comte),
VIII:
163, 170, 175-81, 195, 199-200,
229
Courtenays,
III:
60
Coutumes,
III:
130;
V:
245
Covell, William,
V:
81n
Covenants: Hobbes on,
VII:
67-68;
between Israel and God,
I:
109-17,
205;
V:
52; 53, 54, 244; of local
religious groups in England in early
seventeenth century,
VII:
77, 79-80;
between Puritans and God,
VII:
6 9;
Schelling on,
VII:
223-25, 231, 236;
Scottish National Covenant of 1638,
VII:
80
Crainte
(core of existence),
VIII:
66
Cramaut, Simon,
III:
253
Crassus,
I:
188
Creation stories,
IV:
159-63, 186-87
Creatum,
VI:
108
Crécy, battle of,
III:
68
Crede et manducasti
("Believe and
Thou Hast Eaten"; Augustine),
IV:
227
Crédit mobilier
banking institutes,
VIII:
230
Credo ut intelligam,
VI:
60
Crescentian popes,
II:
82
Crete,
III:
222, 249
Crimen laesae majestatis Divinae,
V:
. 165
Criminality,
IV:
77, 83, 156
Criminal law,
VII:
163
Crisis and the Apocalypse of Man
(Voegelin),
IV:
239n, 255-56n16;
VIII:
4, 5-32
Critias
(Plato),
IV:
119n
Critique
(Kant),
VI:
58
Croce, Benedetto,
VI:
17, 87-90, 92n,
102, 105, 132n
Cromwell, Oliver: and Catholic
Church,
VII:
113; dictatorship of,
IV:
175, 176; and English Revolution,
VII:
106, 107, 109, 110-14, 141; and
franchise,
VII:
83; Harrington's
Oceana dedicated to,
VII:
100; and
Ireland,
IV:
180; and Parliament,
VII:
110, 112-14; politics of,
VII:
112-
14; and Puritans,
VII:
113; and
readmission of Jews to England,
VII:
127; strengths and weaknesses
of,
VII:
104; on will of God,
VII:
110-
12
—Work
:
Instrument of Government,
VII:
110
"Crown investigation, "
II:
155
Crucé, Emeric,
V:
112
Cruelty, Nietzsche on,
VII:
276-77, 294
Crusades: and Albigensian War,
II:
106, 155;
IV:
136, 151;
VIII:
19; and
conquest of Holy Land,
III:
62-
64; as contact between East and
West,
I:
236; and crowned emperor,
III:
207; in Cyprus,
II:
216; in eastern
Mediterranean,
III:
60, 221-22; end
of,
III:
39;
IV:
46; and expansion of
Western civilization,
II:
72-73;
III:
40,
44; against Hussites,
III:
173, 251;
IV:
137; against Islam,
III:
166n; and
missionizing of Asia,
III:
171; and
order of Citeaux,
II:
71; and Pope
of Avignon,
III:
165-66; of Richard
I,
III:
132; and rise of Holy Roman
Empire,
II:
29; and Saint Louis,
III:
59,
60; against Wends,
III:
201
Cudworth, Ralph,
VII:
201n3
Cuius regio, ejus religio,
V:
215
Cujas,
V:
39
Culte décadaire,
VIII:
209
Culte de la Raison,
VIII:
206, 209, 214
Culverwel, Nathaniel,
VI:
167-69
Cupidity,
VI:
111-12
Cura et tutela
(care and protection),
I:
204
Cura et tutela rei publicae
(care and
protection of the republic),
I:
190
Cusa, Nicholas of.
See
Nicholas of
Cusa
Cusanus.
See
Nicholas of Cusa
Custom, La Boetie on,
V:
31-32, 36
Cycles: of civilization,
V:
23; of empires,
I:
115-26; first cycle of order against
spirit,
VII:
26, 153-54; of political
forms,
I:
125-26;
IV:
62-65, 69-70,
85-86, 119n; recurrent world cycles,
V:
147-48; second cycle of reassertion
of spirit,
VII:
26, 155-57
Cynics,
I:
69, 75-78, 97, 98, 149;
II:
184;
VII:
160, 228
Cyprus,
II:
216-17;
III:
222, 249
Cyrenaic school,
I:
69, 75
Cyropaedia
(Xenophon),
IV:
82n
Cyrus, King,
II:
44;
IV:
58, 76, 81,
81-82n66;
V:
142
Czechoslovakia,
III:
146, 174, 175, 200
Daedalus,
I:
199
D'Ailly, Pierre,
III:
251, 251n
D'Alembert, Jean Le Rond: an-
ti medievalism of,
VIII:
104-5; on
"authoritative present, "
VIII:
99-
100; and
catéchisme de morale,
VIII:
97-98; on Christianity,
VIII:
94-
96; compared to Engels,
VIII:
334; and
dilemma of utilitarian morals,
VIII:
96-98, 231; and disappearance of
bios theoretikos,
VIII:
92-94, 114; on
Encyclopédie,
VIII:
102-3; historical
position of the Discours,
VIII:
89-90; and
idea of genealogy,
VIII:
91-98; on
need for new public cult to replace
Christian symbolization,
VIII:
6; new
pouvoir spirituel of,
VIII:
94-96; and
principles of Encyclop‚die,
VIII:
90-91; on progress,
VIII:
98-106,
100-101n10; on revolt and justice,
VIII:
91-92; on rise of America and
Russia,
VIII:
104-6; and security
against the future,
VIII:
101-3; and
security against the past,
VIII:
100-
101; on technology,
VIII:
103-4
—Work
:
Discours préliminaire de
1'Encyclopédie,
VIII:
88-106, 154
Dales, Richard C.,
II:
196n
Damian, Peter. See Peter Damian
Daniel, Book of,
I:
121-22, 150, 168,
221;
II:
58;
IV:
212n55;
VIII:
225n72
Dante Alighieri
I:
as Apollonian
imperium,
IV:
11, 212; and
Averroism,
III:
67n, 75, 75-76n,
81; compared with Luther,
IV:
246;
compared with Nicholas of Cusa,
III:
266; compared with
Piers
Plowman,
III:
178, 181, 183-84;
compared with Rienzo,
III:
234, 238,
242, 243; as conservative,
III:
71;
Engel-Janosi on,
IV:
81n66; hierarchy
of souls in
Divina Commedia,
III:
78-79; and human felicity,
V:
199;
as idealist,
III:
70; on intellect and
grace,
IV:
208-14; on intellectual
and hegemonic world organization,
III:
76-77, 121, 239; on intramundane
Rome,
IV:
47n13; and isolation of
political thinker,
III:
66-68; and
Joachitic tradition,
III:
67n, 70, 73,
79-81, 104, 113; and
lingua volgare,
III:
73; literary forms of, and symbols
of authority,
III:
72-74; Machiavelli
on,
IV:
72; as medieval figure,
III:
37;
on monarchy,
VII:
194; on myth of
the
Italianità,
III:
77-78; and new
universal order,
V:
192; Nietzsche
on,
VII:
292; quotation by,
II:
126; as
Renaissance figure,
II:
107;
III:
37-
38;
IV:
203; as romantic,
III:
71;
Schelling on,
VII:
233; and separation
of spirit from politics,
III:
68, 105; and
Siger-Thomas question,
III:
67,
67n; significance of,
VII:
193, 194; and
spiritual realism,
I:
24, 25;
III:
70-72;
VII:
34; and symbols of
authority,
III:
72, 73-74; on temporal
monarchy,
III:
71-72, 74-75; and
universal intellect,
III:
75;
IV:
114;
vision of generally,
III:
9-10; on world
monarchy,
III:
75-77, 100
—Works:
Convivio,
IV:
102n22, 210,
210n, 212, 213;
Divina Commedia,
I:
34;
III:
67-72, 67n, 73, 78-82,
80nn7-8;
IV:
210n;
Inferno,
III:
178;
Letters,
III:
72-73, 75, 81, 238;
Monarchia,
III:
71, 73, 74-78, 100;
IV:
204;
V:
140, 140n;
Purgatorio,
III:
78-82, 178, 181
Danton, Georges-Jacques,
VIII:
206,
209, 216
Darius,
II:
44
Dark Ages,
I:
101-2;
II:
65-66
Darkness and Light,
IV:
1 64-65, 179-80,
190
Darré, Richard Walter,
II:
46
Darwin, Charles,
VII:
27, 156, 185
Darwinism,
VI:
184, 213
Das an sich Potenzlose
(being without
potency),
VII:
234
David, King,
I:
109, 111;
V:
53
David of Dinant,
IV:
181
Davidsohn, Robert,
III:
80n8
Davila, Enrico Caterino,
VI:
8 3
Dawn of Day
(Nietzsche),
VII:
258-6l,
266-67, 290-93
De acarnis aeternitatis
(Cardano),
VI:
105
De Anima
(Aristotle),
II:
184, 185;
III:
75;
IV:
237
De antiquissima Italorum sapientia
(Vico). See
Liber Metaphysicus
Death: Epicurean school on,
I:
82-83;
and
fruitio in conspectu Dei,
VII:
129;
Hobbes on fear of,
VII:
64-66, 131
Death of God,
I:
35;
VII:
136, 203,
287-89;
VIII:
23, 202
Debent civiliter intelligi
,
III:
251n
Decadence, Joachim on,
II:
131
"Decadence" period in Italy,
VI:
13,
83-84, 96
De Christo et suo Adversario
Antichristo
(Wycliffe),
III:
192
Decius,
I:
184, 185, 207, 208
De Civitate Dei Contra Paganos
(Augustine),
I:
209-10
Declaration of Independence,
VII:
84-
85
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
(Gibbon),
IV:
138-39
Decline of the West
(Spengler),
I:
182;
III:
138n;
VIII:
146
De conceptione,
II:
165, 166
De consideratione libri quinque ad
Eugenium
(Bernard),
II:
71-72;
III:
51n
De Constantia Jurisprudentis
(Vico),
VI:
17, 91-92, 110.
See also
Diritto
universale
(Vico)
De Constantia Philologiae
(Vico),
VI:
91
De Constantia Philosophiae
(Vico),
VI:
91
De Contrarietate Duorum Dominorum
(Wycliffe),
III:
188
Decretum Frequens,
III:
247-48, 250
Decretum Gratianum,
II:
13, 173-74
De decimis et aliis oneribus
ecclesiasticis,
III:
248
"Dedivinization"
(Entgötterung)
,
VI:
55
De Divisione Naturae
(Erigena),
IV:
152, 155, 156-57, 160-63, 179
De Dominio Civili
(Wycliffe),
III:
185,
186-88
De Dominio Divino
(Wycliffe),
III:
185
De Ecclesia
(Wycliffe),
III:
188-89
De ecclesiastica potestate
(Giles of
Rome),
III:
46-47, 50-53, 55, 84, 97
Defeat, myth of,
II:
45-46
Defensio Henrici IV regis
(Peter
Crassus),
II:
87n
Defensio Secunda
(Milton),
VII:
92-93
Defensor humanitatis,
VI:
70
Defensor Pacis
(Marsilius of Padua
and John of Jandun),
III:
12, 84-102,
96-98nn, 105, 261
Defoe, Daniel,
IV:
112
De Greeff, Etienne,
VI:
47n9
De Haeretico
Comburendo,
III:
173
Deification of emperors,
I:
190-94
Dei gratia,
II:
157
De immortalitate animae
(Pompon-
azzi),
IV:
91
De Imperatorum et Pontificum
Potestate
(William of Ockham),
III:
120, 126
De Intellectus Emendatione
(Spinoza),
VII:
127-28, 150
Deisidaimonia,
I:
128;
IV:
67n44
Deism,
IV:
117, 139, 194;
VI:
49, 51n,
57, 76, 167, 182;
VII:
203.
See also
God
Dei vassales,
V:
54
De Jure Belli ac Pacis
(Grotius),
VII:
52-59
De juribus regni et imperii Romani
(Lupold of Babenberg),
III:
214-16
De juribus romani imperii
(William of
Ockham),
III:
122
De la causa, del principio et uno
(Bruno),
VI:
105;
VII:
183n5
De 1'esprit
(Helvétius),
VIII:
43-44,45,
68, 75-77
De 1'esprit des Lois
(Montesquieu),
VII:
163-66, 172
De 1'homme
(Helvétius),
VIII:
47-48,
75, 77-80
Deliberatio Papae
(Innocent III),
II:
174-77
Delphic Amphictyony,
I:
88
Demeter mysteries,
VII:
228
Demetrius of Phalerum,
I:
123
Demi-politiques,
VIII:
74
Demiurge,
IV:
165, 186, 186n25
Democracy and democratization,
I:
73, 94, 109-11;
III:
144-45;
IV:
62;
V:
191;
VI:
149;
VII:
102-3, 156, 157;
VIII:
252-53, 279
"Democracy of cupidity, "
IV:
125
Democritus, 1: 82, 83
De Monarchia
(Dante),
III:
71, 73,
74-78, 100;
IV:
204;
V:
140, 140n
Démonomanie,
V:
206
Démonomanie des sorciers
(Bodin),
V:
186, 197, 202, 205-7
Demosthenes,
I:
69, 72
De Motu
(Berkeley),
VI:
195-96
Dempf, Alois: on
Civitas Dei,
I:
213, 220; on Cusa,
III:
264n; on
monarchiopants,
III:
252;
IV:
35;
on old law,
II:
229; on
pactum
,
II:
89n13; on political interpretations
of medieval world,
II:
180; on
submissiveness and power,
II:
194;
Voegelin on generally,
I:
6
—Work
s:
Sacrum Imperium,
II:
60n;
III:
5, 85n2, 119n15, 264n;
VI:
7;
Selbstkritik der Philosophie und
vergleichende Philosophiegeschichte
im Umriss,
IV:
205n46
Dem Sonnengott
(Hölderlin),
VII:
243
De Natura Legis Naturae,
III:
156
De naturalibus naturaliter,
II:
189
Denifle, Heinrich,
IV:
267, 269
Denkresultate
(intellectual results),
VII:
19
Denmark,
III:
201, 227
De nominibus Dei
(Dionysius
Areopagita),
V:
218
De Officio Regis
(Wycliffe),
III:
169, 190
De Orbo Novo
(Peter Martyr),
IV:
111
De ortu et auctoritate imperii Romani
(Enea Silvio),
III:
252n
De pauperie Salvatoris
(Fitzralph),
III:
169, 185
De periculis novissimorum temporum
(William of Saint Amour),
II:
199-2O0
Deposition of heretical ruler,
V:
65-66
De Potestate Papae
(Wycliffe),
III:
191-
92
De potestate summi pontificis in rebus
temporalibus
(Cardinal Bellarmine),
III:
112
Depravari
(corrupted),
V:
221-22
De principatibus
(Machiavelli).
See
Principe (Prince)
(Machiavelli)
De profundis,
IV:
76
Derailments,
VII:
259, 259n21
De recuperatione terre sancte
(Dubois),
III:
61-65, 63-64n
De regimine principum
(Giles of
Rome),
III:
48-49
De regimine principum
(Thomas
Aquinas),
II:
212, 216-17, 221-22;
IV:
111
De Rerum Natura
(Lucretius),
I:
82
Derivative force
(vis derivativa),
VI:
201-2
Der schalkichte Heide,
IV:
259
De sacramentis fidei Christiana
(Hugh
of Saint Victor),
III:
47
De sancta trinitate et operibus eius
(Rupert of Deutz),
II:
127
Descartes, René: on body-mind split,
VII:
200; and Comte,
VIII:
195; deism
of,
VI:
57;
VII:
203; on ego
cogitans,
VII:
204, 206; on human
nature,
IV:
256; on mathematics,
V:
156, 176; and More,
VI:
192, 196; on
movement,
VI:
196, 200n67; on nature,
VII:
205-6; Pascal on,
VII:
184; on place of a body,
VI:
198;
Schelling on,
I:
28;
VI:
103;
VII:
200,
204, 206; significance of,
VI:
102;
VIII:
118; skepticism of,
VII:
206,
288; and spiritual core of human
personality,
VII:
29; on "spontaneous
reproduction,"
VIII:
177; and tabula
rasa,
VII:
47, 206; and tenable
philosophy of substance,
VII:
239;
Vico on,
I:
28;
VI:
16, 16n, 91, 93-95,
98, 99, 102, 104, 107-8, 128, 145,
See
also
Cartesianism
—Works:
Discours de la méthode,
VI:
94;
VIII:
90;
Meditations,
VI:
107-
8;
Principia,
VI:
200, 202n74
Désir du pouvoir
(passion for power),
VIII:
56-59
Despoty, Montesquieu on,
VII:
168
De Tranquillitate Animi
(Seneca),
I:
203
De Tyranno
(Salutati),
IV:
40-41
De unitate intellectus contra
Averroistas
(Albertus Magnus),
II:
179
De unitate intellectus contra
Averroistas
(Thomas Aquinas),
II:
179
De universi juris uno principio et
fine uno
(Vico),
VI:
91, 110.
See also
Diritto universale
(Vico)
Deus absconditus,
VII:
287
Deusdedit, Cardinal,
II:
84n6
Deus et dominus noster
(living god and
master),
I:
194
Deus Optimus Maximus,
V:
189, 238
Deutero-Isaiah,
I:
116-19, 150, 153-54;
III:
74
Deuteronomy,
V:
51
Deutsche Ideologie
(Marx),
VIII:
358n68
Deux sources de la morale et de la
religion
(Bergson),
VIII:
138-39
De varietate fortunae
(Poggio),
IV:
51n
De Vaux, Clotilde,
VIII:
163, 174, 182,
184, 187-91, 195
Devil.
See Civitas diaboli
(city of the
devil);
Corpus diaboli; Ecclesia
diaboli;
Satan
Devotio moderna,
III:
17
Dewey, John,
I:
94
DeWitt, Jan,
VII:
134
Diadochic empires,
I:
103, 106, 120,
221, 236
Dialectical materialism,
VI:
114;
VII:
7;
VIII:
14, 155, 320-39
Dialectics: definition of,
VIII:
321; of
Hegel,
VII:
213-14, 266;
VIII:
321,
322-24; of Marx,
VII:
7;
VIII:
320-39;
of Schelling,
VII:
212, 213, 213n19
Dialoghi delle science nuove
(Galileo),
VI:
18, 93
Dialogus
(William of Ockham),
III:
118n14, 120, 121, 122, 124
Diana of Ephesus,
I:
184
Dicaearchus of Messana,
I:
126
Dichotomies,
V:
56, 58
Dictatus papae
(Gregory VII),
II:
87-88
Dictionnaire philosophique (Voltaire),
VI:
57, 58, 60-61
Diderot, Denis,
IV:
202, 237;
VIII:
90,
103, 114, 334
Diego Lainez,
V:
62
Dienstbarer Knecht
(serf),
IV:
252
Diet of Frankfurt,
III:
83
Diet of Mainz,
III:
256
Diet of Metz,
III:
205
Diet of Nuremberg,
III:
205
Diet of Ratisbon,
V:
19
Diet of Roncaglia,
II:
172
Dieu et l'état
(Bakunin),
VIII:
299-302,
299n57
Differentiae specificae,
V:
214
Digest
(Justinian),
I:
96;
II:
166, 170, 171
Diggers,
IV:
139;
VII:
97-100, 148
Dignitas concessa,
II:
120n, 157
Dignus est operarius cibo suo
(servant
is worth his living),
III:
162
Dikaerchos,
V:
247n102
Dilettantism,
VI:
212-13.
See also
Philosophical dilettantism
Dilthey, Wilhelm,
VI:
77, l00
Ding-an-sich
("thing-in-itself"),
III:
107;
V:
179;
VII:
206;
VIII:
335,
371
Dio,
I:
187
Diocletian,
I:
179, 186, 207, 208;
II:
56;
VIII:
313n7
Diogenes,
I:
10, 75-79, 78n, 82, 96, 134, 196,
199, 200
Dionis Hid Divinite,
III:
177
Dionysius Areopagita (Pseudo-
Dionysius):and
conversio in
Diem
and
imitatio Dei,
V:
198-
201; Cusa on,
III:
257, 259; and
Eastern influences,
IV:
10, 151-57;
hierarchicalism of,
I:
37;
II:
201,
202;
III:
45-48, 47-48nn, 259;
V:
203; and
imago Dei,
IV:
202;
V:
66-67; influence of, on
Cloud of
Unknowing,
III:
177; influence of,
on Eckhart,
IV:
184; influence of, on
medieval theory of law and politics,
II:
171; mystical theology of,
IV:
201;
Saint Thomas on,
V:
67; translations
of,
III:
176
—Work
:
De nominbus Dei
,
V:
218
Dionysus,
VII:
228, 230-33, 241, 243
Dionysus cult,
I:
72, 89
Diotima,
I:
236
Diotogenes,
I:
105-6
Directeur de l'âme,
VII:
190
Diritto universale
(Vico),
VI:
16,
16n, 91, 110, 111, 114-18
Disciplinarian schisms in Western
Church,
I:
208-9
Discordia,
III:
215
Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito
Livio (Machiavelli),
IV:
6, 56, 59-71, 73, 84;
V:
220
Discours
(Diderot),
VIII:
334
Discours de la méthode
(Descartes),
VI:
94;
VIII:
90
Discourse de la servitude volontaire
(La Boétie),
I:
230;
V:
25, 28-39, 28n4,
40, 42;
VIII:
91
Discourse of the Light of Nature
(Culverwel),
VI:
167-69
Discourse on Universal History
(Bossuet),
VI:
9, 35-38;
VIII:
110
Discourses en Sorbonne
(Turgot),
VIII:
106, 108, 114, 118
Discourses on Universal History
(Turgot),
VIII:
106, 110, 119n33
Discours préliminaire
(Comte),
VIII:
186-87, 191-92
Discours préliminaire de l'Encyclo-
pédie
(d'Alembert),
VIII:
88-106,
154
Discours sur l'ensemble du positivisme
(Comte),
VIII:
178
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