CUMULATIVE INDEX
HISTORY OF POLITICAL IDEAS (VOLS 19-26)
Roman numerals
preceding page
numbers refer to the eight volumes in
History of Political Ideas
Spirit: autonomy of,
VI:
113-14; Bodin
on spirits,
V:
202-3; Geist as political
spirit,
VII:
2, 29-30; and matter,
IV:
165; Nietzsche on,
VII:
276-78,
280-81; Pascal on,
VII:
278, 280-81;
separation of politics from,
III:
68-69.
See also
Soul; Spiritualism; and
headings beginning with Spiritual
Spiritalis intelligentia,
II:
126, 133-34
Spirito italiano,
IV:
84, 86-87
Spiritual eunuchism,
VI:
212
Spiritual harmony,
III:
257-58
Spiritual hierarchy,
II:
200-203, 204
Spiritualism:English spiritualism
and
Piers Plowman,
III:
175-84;
Franciscan Spiritualism,
III:
14, 17,
79, 105, 112-14, 123, 176, 180,
182n14, 239, 243; overview of,
I:
35-
39; regional movements,
III:
171-75;
of Rienzo,
III:
239-43; of Wydiffe,
III:
189
Spiritualis renovatio,
III:
241
Spirituality, definition of,
II:
9-10
Spiritualization,
I:
161
Spiritually dead,
V:
201, 202
Spiritual movements: activism and
nihilism,
IV:
173-77; Albigensians,
III:
172-75;
IV:
135, 157, 158-60,
164, 222;
V:
109; and Apollonian
imperium,
IV:
11, 201-14; and
Bosch,
IV:
180,194-201; Catharism,
IV:
139, 157-60,165; and Collier's
sermon,
IV:
165-67, 168; compared
with Luther,
IV:
246; conflict
between church and sects,
IV:
140-43; connections between
social revolution and,
IV:
145-51;
destruction of materials from,
IV:
177-78; Eastem
influences on,
IV:
151-57; and Erigena,
IV:
10, 152,
155-57,160-66, 177, 179, 184, 185,
187, 191, 196,201,202; and Fifth
Monarchy of Christ,
IV:
167-73;
Free Spirit,
IV:
177-201,205; and
Glimpse of Sion's Glory,
IV:
10,
145-48,165; and institutions,
IV:
131-36; introductory comments
on,
IV:
9-11; and middle class,
IV:
150-51; and
Nine Rocks
tract,
IV:
185-90; Ortliebians,
IV:
180-82;
Paracletes,
IV:
125, 154,190-94,
246; periodization of,
IV:
136-38;
and problem of continuity,
IV:
177-
80; and
Queries
to Lord Fairfax,
IV:
167-73, 174; range of,
IV:
138-40;
reform and anticivilizational effects,
IV:
143-45; and reformation,
IV:
134-
36; secondary sources on,
IV:
179-80;
sexuality and sensuality in,
IV:
195-
201; social structure of,
IV:
148-51;
stupor and outburst,
IV:
188-90;
suppression of and resistance to,
IV:
134, 135, 139-40; and towns,
IV:
150-51; and two worlds,
IV:
164-
65, 167-73; violence in,
IV:
148.
See also
People of God; specific
movements
"Spiritual obscurantism,"
VI:
8, 61-62,
95, 113
Spiritual politics,
II:
36-38
Spiritual realism,
I:
24-25, 24n, 34, 41;
Ill:69-72;
VII:
33-34
Spirituals,
IV:
150, 184, 222
Spiritual-temporal community,
II:
61-
64
Staatslehre,
VII:
12, 25, 107
"Staatslehre als Geisteswissenschaft"
(Voegelin),
VII:
12
Stalin, Joseph,
IV:
175;
VII:
143;
VIII:
157, 203, 273, 287
Stammesherzogtumer,
III:
195
Star Chamber,
VII:
75, 78, 108
Star of Magi,
V:
165, 165n75
Stars.
See
Astronomy
State: Althusius on,
VII:
49, 49n2;
Bakunin's antistatism,
VIII:
255,
297-99; Bodin on,
IV:
205;
V:
244-
46;
VII:
49; as church,
VIII:
207-9;
church-state relations,
I:
151 ;
IV:
116-
19, 119n, 125;
VI:
53-54; contractual
origin of,
II:
89n13; and control
of opinion,
VII:
70; creation of,
IV:
131; Engels on state dying away,
VIII:
233, 315-16n10; English versus
Continental symbol of,
VII:
106-7;
Erigena on perfect state,
IV:
154;
Grotius on,
VII:
58; Harrington on,
VII:
102; Hegel on,
VII:
157; Hobbes
on commonwealth,
VII:
67-72; and
inequality,
VII:
149-51; Locke on,
VII:
149-50; Machiavelli on,
III:
252;
IV:
57, 73, 74, 75;
VI:
13n; Marsilius
of Padua on,
III:
12-13, 84-102;
Marxist view of,
IV:
144; perfection
of closure of,
VII:
68-69; perfection
of spiritual closure of,
VII:
69-70,
77; person- or community-centered
ideas of,
VII:
12; plurality of warring
states,
III:
96, 100;
raison d'état,
IV:
265;
res publica,
I:
136-37, 140,
214, 217, 218;
II:
12;
IV:
123;
V:
58;
Schelling on power-state,
VII:
223-
27, 226n56; separation of church
and state,
IV:
117, 119n;
V:
21,
47; as
stati,
IV:
57, 73, 74, 75; as
term,
I:
217; Turgot on,
VIII:
144-
45; versus estates in seventeenth
century,
VII:
104-6; Williams on,
VII:
88-92; world-
imperium
and
state-
imperium,
III:
205-10, 216.
See also
City-states; Nations; Papal
states; and specific states
State and Revolution
(Lenin),
VIII:
315n8
Statecraft,
II:
148-49
State-
imperium
and world-
imperium.
III:
205-10, 216
State of nature,
V:
101, 102
Statesmen,
II:
148, 149, 175;
IV:
42
Stati
(states),
IV:
57, 73, 74, 75
Statius,
II:
114
Stato ferino,
VI:
114, 137, 138
Statua Dei,
V:
199
Statum totius ecclesiae,
II:
203
Status ecclesiae,
II:
203
Statute of 1220,
III:
198
Statute of 1231,
III:
198
Statute of Carlisle,
III:
167, 168, 174
Statute of Laborers,
III:
175
Statute of Praemunire of 1353,
III:
167-
68
Statute of Provisors of 1351,
III:
167
Statutes.
See
Law
Stavrianos, Leften S.,
II:
35-36n2
Steele, Richard,
VII:
162n2
Steenberghen, Fem
and van,
II:
180
Stella nova,
V:
163
Stellung des Menschen im Kosmos
(Scheler),
VII:
30
Stephen, Leslie,
VI:
173;
VIII:
46n7
Stephen, Saint,
II:
70
Stephen II, Pope,
II:
57, 60n
Stephen Langton, archbishop of
Canterbury,
III:
133, 134
Stevenson, Robert Louis,
VII:
190
Stifter, Adalbert,
VII:
264n35
Stilicho,
II:
56
Stirps Caesarea,
II:
158, 177
Stöhr, Adolf,
I:
18;
II:
4n;
VII:
15
Stoicism: and apoliticism,
VII:
228;
Bodin on,
V:
209; Calvin on,
IV:
272;
and Cicero,
I:
133, 191,199;
II:
119,
163;
VI:
6; and community,
I:
99-100;
compared with Christianity,
I:
99,
200,201-2;
IV:
141; and cosmopolis,
I:
98, 135, 149, 199; and duty as
concept,
I:
99; and equality,
I:
95-98,
134; Erasmus on,
IV:
99-100; and
homonoia,
I:
98; influence of,
II:
110,
171, 184;
V:
18, 42;
VI:
105; and
kingship,
I:
98; and
koinai enoiai
(common notions),
I:
26, 52; and
koinos nomos
(natural or common
law),
I:
97-98;
II:
227; and Latin
language,
I:
136; Machiavelli on,
IV:
84-87; and Marcus Aurelius,
I:
99-
100, 191, 200; and moral personality,
I:
98-99; and natural law,
II:
226;
IV:
63, 70;
VI:
34; Newton on,
VI:
62-
63; and
oikeiosis
(consciousness of
kind),
VII:
57; Polybius on,
IV:
62;
and
sapienza volgare,
VI:
134-35; and
soul,
I:
98; Vico on,
VI:
95n7, 115, 117,
134-35; and
virtù,
IV:
84; and virtues,
I:
98-99; and wise men,
I:
97-99,101;
Zeno as founder of,
I:
75, 76, 95
Storch, Claus,
IV:
236
Storia delle virtù e de' vizio,
IV:
54
Storia etem
a ideale,
VI:
114, 126-32,
137;
VIII:
247
Storia fiorentina
(Guicciardini),
IV:
34n, 36
Storia ideale,
VI:
109, 118, 121, 123
Strabo,
V:
227
Strafford, Earl of,
VII:
105,108, 109
Straight-line pattem
of history,
I:
222-
23
Stralsund, Treaty of,
III:
227
Strasbourg, bishop of,
IV:
185
Strauss, David Friedrich,
VIII:
254, 352
Strauss, Leo,
I:
15;
VI:
5n;
VII:
7, 19,
"Straussians,"
VI:
4n10, 15n
Struys, Jean,
VII:
171
Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth
Century,
VI:
39n
Studi Vichiani
(Gentile),
VI:
102
Study of History (Toynbee),
I:
9;
III:
143n;
VI:
1, 7, 121;
VIII:
121,
134n44, 139
Stulti
(fools),
VI:
105n13
Stupor and outburst,
IV:
188-90
Stuttgarter Privatvorlesungen
(Schelling),
VII:
224-26
Styria,
III:
202
Suárez, Francisco,
III:
158n29;
V:
4, 18,
62, 63, 66-69,100, 114, 114n4, 115,
115n5;
VII:
47
Subditi
(subjects),
I:
215
Subimperial politics:and colonization
of the East,
III:
199-203; East
Frankish kingdom and Italy,
III:
194-96; in Germany,
III:
193-203;
imperial politics versus,
III:
193-94;
and interregna,
III:
:194, 196-99, 203
Subjection and obedience,
I:
70-71
Sublimation,
VII:
278
Subscripta,
III:
209n
Subtractio particularis
(partial
withdrawal),
III:
253, 255
Subtractio totalis
(total withdrawal),
III:
253
Subuniverse,
I:
18
Suebi,
II:
45, 47, 48, 56
Suetonius,
I:
187;
II:
114
Suffering Servant,
I:
117-19, 150;
II:
45
Suffrage.
See
Franchise
Sufism,
VIII:
27
Sui juris,
V:
127
Sully, Maximillian de Béthune, Duc
de,
III:
77;
V:
112
Sumberg, Theodore A.,
VI:
15n
Summa,
IV:
270
Summa contra gentiles
(Thomas
Aquinas),
I:
35-36;
II:
179, 207-8, 211,
k 219;
IV:
249-50;
VII:
286
Summa et infinita concordantia,
III:
258-59
Summa gloriae
(Honorius of Autun),
II:
127-28
Summa theologiae
(Thomas Aquinas),
II:
108, 179, 212, 214-15, 219, 220,
221, 223, 230n;
IV:
95, 225, 283n42;
VII:
273n55;
VIII:
89-90
Summum bonum
(highest good or
God),
II:
190, 191;
IV:
70, 114, 250,
256;
VII:
63, 65, 66, 235, 258, 286;
VIII:
82
Summum malum
(Hobbes),
VII:
65-66
Sung dynasty,
II:
3
Sun symbolism,
I:
105, 142;
V:
158, 162;
VII:
125
Superbia
(pride),
IV:
120-25, 128;
VI:
56-57;
VII:
273n55
Superbia vitae,
IV:
210;
VII:
272
Superbum animal homo,
V:
155
Superman,
IV:
187,194;
VI:
209;
VIII:
158-59
Supremacy Act,
III:
168
Survival of the fittest,
IV:
48
Sutori delle nazioni,
VI:
141
Swabian League,
III:
228
Sweden,
VI:
151
Swift, Jonathan,
IV:
112;
VI:
182-83
Swiss confederation,
I:
110;
III:
228-29
Switzerland,
I:
114;
III:
217, 218, 228;
IV:
139, 150
Syllabus Errorum,
III:
110, 112;
VI:
162-
63
Sylvester I, Pope,
II:
60n
Symbiotici,
V:
57
Symbols: and Calvin,
IV:
17-18, 284; of
Christianity,
IV:
166-67;
VI:
54-60,
71; constitutionalism as,
III:
22,
144-46; of Continental versus
English state,
VII:
106-7; of Dante,
III:
72, 73-74, 238; deformation
of, into doctrine,
II:
16; and divine
kingship,
I:
102; in
Eclogue,
I:
142n;
of England,
III:
144-45;
VII:
75,
106-7; English king as "mystical
symbol,"
VII:
75; of freethinking,
VI:
164; historicity of,
IV:
223-28,
285-91; and history,
I:
41, 42, 50,
228;
IV:
3; of holy empire,
II:
11;
immanentization of transcendent
symbols,
II:
16; of Marx,
VIII:
327-30;
of materialism,
VI:
164; of national
kingdom,
II:
7n17, 10; of natural right,
VII:
48-50; of noetic and pneumatic
meditative consciousness,
I:
44-
45; of political ideas borrowed
from natural sciences,
VII:
52; and
reality,
VII:
14; religious experiences
expressed in,
III:
19, 109; renaissance
symbolism,
III:
236; of Rienzo,
III:
234; of science,
VII:
50; of serpent,
I:
92; sun symbolism,
I:
105, 142;
V:
158, 162;
VII:
125; and thinning
out of faith,
VI:
183; Timur as power
symbol,
IV:
44-55; types of symbolic
.forms,
I:
53; Voegelin's single reality
symbol,
II:
16; yin and yang,
I:
26-27
Symeon II,
I:
124
Symmachus,
II:
35
Sympathy, Hume on,
VII:
161,163
Syndicalism,
VIII:
91, 98
Syndici,
III:
236
Synod of Albi,
IV:
158
Synod of Chierzey,
IV:
154n
Synod of Frankfurt (794),
II:
61
Synod of Paris (829),
II:
62
Synod of Rome (1046),
II:
82
Synod of Rome (1047),
II:
82
Synod of Rome (1075),
II:
82
Synod of Sutri (1046),
II:
82
Synod of Toulouse,
IV:
158
Synod of Worms (829),
II:
62
Synod of Worms (1076),
II:
87n
Synoptic Gospels,
I:
151, 154,179, 180
Synthèse subjective
(Comte),
VIII:
178-
79, 178n21, 192
Syria,
I:
176, 192-93, 198-99;
II:
34;
IV:
52, 53, 138
Systasis
(constitution of a state),
I:
127
"Systematic" theology,
IV:
272
Systématisation,
VIII:
186
Système de logique positive
(Comte),
VIII:
178
Système de politique positive
(Comte),
VIII:
163, 177-78, 183, 186-87, 195,
196n37, 197-99, 206, 216
Système industriel
(Saint-Simon),
VIII:
233
Tableau des espérances
,
VIII:
153
Taborite branch of Hussite movement,
IV:
148
Tabula rasa:and Descartes,
VII:
47,
206; and humans alone in early
seventeenth century,
VII:
47-48;
and humans as starting point of
new thought,
VII:
51; and intem
al
order of national commonwealths,
VII:
51; and nation as new social
substance,
VII:
. 51; problems of
new era beginning in seventeenth
century,
VII:
50-52; and symbol of
natural right,
VII:
48-50; and symbol
of science,
VII:
50; symbols of
political ideas borrowed from natural
sciences,
VII:
52; tension between
national bodies and humanity,
VII:
51-52
Tacitus,
II:
42;
V:
29;
VI:
140
Taedium vitae,
IV:
200
Tagliacozzo, battle of,
III:
39, 60
Talmud,
V:
233, 234n75, 236
Tamerlane. See Timur
Tanit,
I:
193
Tannenberg, battle of,
III:
201
Tantum regale
(Fortescue),
III:
157-58
Tam
, W. W.,
I:
91, 141-43, 142n
Tartar empire and Tartars,
II:
170;
V:
233
Tauler, Johannes,
IV:
136, 187, 188,
228, 268
Taylor, Charles,
III:
2n3
Technical inventions,
V:
146, 146n16
Technology,
VII:
191-92;
VIII:
103-4,
133-34, 338-39
Telephus,
II:
44
Tempier, Étienne,
II:
179-80, 190
Templars,
II:
73-74;
III:
62, 113,171
Temporal Authority: To What Extent
Should It Be Obeyed (Luther),
IV:
12,
260-68
Temporale caput mundi seu populi
Christiani,
III:
206
Temporalia,
III:
117, 118
Temporal monarchy,
III:
71-72, 74-75
Temporal order of history,
V:
231-36
Tempus acceptabile,
III:
74
Ten Commandments,
I:
162,171, 201
Ténébres d'ignorance
(darkness of
ignorance),
V:
144
Terence,
II:
114
Territorial church,
II:
60-61
Terror gentium,
IV:
53, 55, 82n
Terrorism,
VIII:
277-78
Tertiary Order,
II:
139;
III:
171;
IV:
149,
183
Tertullian,
I:
177, 201;
V:
93, 118;
VI:
46
Tessier, Jean,
V:
195
Test Act against Scotland of 1681,
VI:
155
Test Act of 1673,
VI:
155
Testament
(Emperor Henry VI),
II:
149
Testament
(Francis of Assisi),
II:
139
Testimonia
(Rantzau),
V:
153
Tetzel,
IV:
230
Teutonic Order,
II:
73, 74-75, 216;
III:
201
Teutons,
II:
30
Thaumaturgie kingship,
I:
155-56;
III:
57-59, 122, 127
Thearchy,
V:
200
Thebes,
I:
143;
III:
222
"Theocentrism,"
IV:
283-84
Theocracy,
V:
45-50;
VII:
226n56;
VIII:
209
Theodoric, King,
II:
35, 56
Theodosius the Great,
I:
205, 208;
II:
56
Theologia Mystica,
III:
177, 180
Theologia negativa,
III:
257, 258-59
Theologia platonica
(Ficino),
VI:
105
Theologica Germanica,
IV:
228
Theology,
III:
52
Theology of Aristotle,
II:
184
Theophilanthropism,
VIII:
206, 209
Theoria Motus
(Euler),
VI:
200
Theorie de l'état,
VII:
25, 107
Théorie du pouvoir politique dans la
société civile
(Bonald),
VIII:
220
Theory. See Political theory
Theory of evocations,
VII:
10-11,
16-18, 21-22, 33
Theotokos
(Mother of the God),
I:
184
Thermidor,
IV:
176
Thesaurus meritorum,
IV:
230
Theseus,
IV:
76, 81
"Thesis of generality,"
VI:
43, 44, 45
Thessalonica massacre,
I:
205
Thetis,
VII:
243
Thevenot,
VII:
170
Thing-reality,
II:
16
Third Imperium,
IV:
203-4
Third Realm:and Communism
and National Socialism,
VII:
241;
compared to "Third Imperium,"
IV:
203-5; and Franciscans,
II:
199;
Joachim of Fiore on,
II:
111, 126, 134,
199, 213;
IV:
154; leaders' role in,
II:
132, 159; and modem
ity,
IV:
11;
and Montanism,
I:
182; political ideas
of,
I:
210;
II:
111;
IV:
164; Schelling on,
VII:
230-34, 237; spiritual evolution
of,
II:
128-30
Thirty Years War,
IV:
260;
V:
25, 62,
64, 90, 110;
VI:
33, 84;
VII:
53, 105;
VIII:
20, 219
Thomas (apostle),
I:
165
Thomas à Becket, Saint,
II:
113;
III:
131
Thomas Aquinas:on age of Christ,
II:
213; Aristotelianism of,
II:
80-
81, 179, 185, 189n14, 215-19,
222-23, 231;
III:
85-86;
IV:
250,
272;
V:
66-67; character of Thomistic
thought,
I:
32;
II:
214-15; on Christian
empire,
VII:
19, 286; as "Christian
intellectual,"
II:
13, 78;
IV:
16-17,
136; and "civilizational schism"
between faith and reason,
III:
18, 98;
on community of free Christians,
II:
218-20; compared with Dante,
III:
75, 76; compared with Dionysius
Areopagita,
IV:
152, 155; compared
with
Piers Plowman,
III:
179;
compared with Schelling,
VII:
26,
240-41; compared with William of
Ockham,
III:
8, 106, 106n1, 116-17;
compared with Wycliffe,
III:
169, 189;
and "compromise with the world,"
II:
9, 14,111, 231-32; condemnation
of, by Bishop Tempier,
II:
179-80, 210;
on consent as basis of civil society,
VII:
140; and constitutionalism,
II:
220-23, 229;
III:
19-20, 41, 56,
103; in Dante's
Divina Commedia,
III:
67, 67n; death of,
II:
9,207; and
Dominican Order,
III:
66;
VII:
193;
as end of age,
VII:
241; Erasmus on,
IV:
93, 94, 95n4; on faith and reason,
II:
209-10;
III:
20,103, 105;
IV:
221,
228; on freedom and independence
of the intellect,
I:
33-37;
III:
52; and
Hellenic culture,
IV:
250-51, 284; on
hierarchies,
II:
211-12;
V:
100-101;
and historical mind,
II:
214-15; on
history,
II:
207-15; on human law,
II:
224, 225, 227-28; ideas preceding,
II:
65; influences on other thinkers,
Ill:56, 257;
intellectus
compared
with
ratio,
I:
39; on kingship,
III:
162;
on law,
I:
113;
II:
13-14, 223-31;
V:
100; Luther on,
IV:
237, 259; on
natural law,
II:
225-27; on Old Law
and New Law,
II:
229-31, 230n; on
perfect community,
II:
218, 226-27,
229;
V:
63;
VI:
208; and philosophy
of history,
II:
213-14; on politics,
II:
215-23; populist elements in,
III:
91; on poverty,
II:
200; on prince
as divine analogue,
II:
217-18; and
ratio aetem
a,
VI:
100; rationality
of ideas of,
VII:
196; on
as
perfect society,
III:
75; and Siger de
Brabant,
II:
195-96n; significance
of,
I:
232, 234;
II:
29, 65, 106, 171,
231-32;
III:
37, 103;
V:
7; on the soul,
III:
67n; on
superbia,
VII:
273n55;
on transubstantiation,
IV:
224-25;
on Truth and Being,
II:
207-9; on
tyranny,
II:
221; Vico on,
VI:
113
--Works:
De regimine principum,
II:
212, 215-17, 221-22;
IV:
111;
De unitate intellectus contra
Averroistas,
II:
179;
Summa contra
gentiles,
II:
179,207-8, 211, 219;
IV:
249-50;
VII:
286;
Summa
theologiae,
II:
108, 179, 212, 214-15,
219, 220, 221, 223, 230n;
IV:
95, 225,
283n42;
VII:
273n55;
VIII:
89-90
Thomas of Stitny,
III:
175
Thomists,
IV:
94
Thom
, Peace of,
III:
202
Three, as mystical number,
VIII:
223
Thucydides,
I:
124;
IV:
107
Tiberius Gracchus,
I:
188
Tierisch
(beastly),
VIII:
355
Tillich, Paul,
VII:
199
Timaeus
(Plato),
IV:
119n;
V:
147, 203;
VI:
213n;
VII:
237
Timaeus of Locri,
V:
158n56
Timur,
IV:
6, 44-55, 46-47n12, 49-
50n16, 57, 82n;
V:
137, 138, 140-43,
K;
VI:
4
Timurid empire,
IV:
44-45
Tiraboschi, Girolamo,
IV:
54
Tiro Prosper,
I:
146
Titus,
I:
175
To All Christians
(Francis of Assisi),
II:
137
Tocqueville, Alexis de,
VI:
150
Toennies,
VII:
50
Toga Virilis (coming of age),
I:
191
Toland, John,
VI:
76, 179-83
Toleration: Bodin on,
V:
205-19,
237, 239-40; and Cromwell,
VII:
113; exclusions of groups from,
VII:
91, 93, 94, 144-45; facets of, in
seventeenth century,
VII:
144-45;
and French Enlightenment,
V:
237;
Harrington on,
VII:
103; Locke on,
IV:
117;
VII:
141-45, 153; Milton on,
VII:
92-96, 144; and new pattem
of
revolution,
VII:
142-44; Spinoza on,
VII:
144; and Williams,
VII:
88-91,
144, 145
Toleration Act of 1689,
VI:
154, 155
Toleration Edict of Milan,
I:
207
Tolstoy, Leo,
V:
30;
VIII:
.280-82
Tomyris,
II:
44
Tota Italia,
III:
240
Totalitarianism,
III:
50, 52-53;
IV:
15;
V:
74-75;
VI:
207-8, 214;
VII:
71;
VIII:
4, 4-5
Totam Italia obsequentem,
III:
240
Toulouse, kingdom of,
II:
32, 56, 78
Toulouse, Synod of,
IV:
158
Towns:in England and France,
III:
136,
217; and feudal world,
III:
218-19;
intem
al structure of,
III:
229-32;
Italian town politics,
III:
93-94;
and spiritual movements,
IV:
150-
51; trade routes, food supply, and,
III:
220-21.
See also
City-states
Toynbee, Am
old: chrysalis of,
VI:
125; on city-states,
III:
217; on
civilizational destruction,
VIII:
94,
127; compared with Vico,
VI:
85,
121-23; 0n "creative minority" and
civilization,
VIII:
131; on Crusades
against Turks,
III:
166n; and English
political structure,
III:
143, 143n;
VI:
1l; historical perspective of,
VI:
148; on intem
al and extem
al
proletariats,
VIII:
116, 126; and
intem
ational cycles of plurality,
IV:
86,
VI:
3; interregnum of,
VI:
144;
on Norman Conquest,
III:
161n; on
papacy,
III:
165 ; on roots of Westem
civilization,
VII:
15; and technique
of prediction,
II:
131; on universal
church,
VIII:
146
--Work:
Study of History,
I:
9;
III:
143n;
VI:
1, 7, 121;
VIII:
121, 134n44, 139
Tractatus de investitura episcoporum,
II:
87n, 96, 96n
Tractates de Potestate Regis et Papali
(John of Paris),
III:
56-57
Tractates Eboracenses
(
York Tracts
),
II:
92, 95-101, 95n20, 105-6, 109,
132, 134, 141, 203.
See also
Norman
Anonymous
Tractatus IV
(Gelasius I),
II:
53
Tractates Politicus
(Spinoza),
VII:
130-
31, 135
Tractatus Theologico-Politicus
(Spinoza),
VII:
131-33, 134
Tract Ninety
(Cardinal Newman),
III:
130
Trade routes,
III:
217, 220-21, 227
Tragic Age of the Greeks
(Nietzsche),
VII:
252
Traité des sensations
(Condillac),
VIII:
48
Trajan,
I:
186
Transcendence,
II:
10, 16-17, 16n25,
17;
V:
2, 3
Transcendental idealism,
VII:
201, 202
Translatio,
IV:
243
Translatio ecclesiae,
IV:
286
Translatio imperii,
I:
32, 168-69;
II:
52,
58, 87n, 96, 112, 176;
III:
57, 215;
IV:
42
Transubstantiation,
IV:
223-28, 242-43
Trappist order,
VII:
270
Travel literature,
VII:
170-71
Travers, Walter,
V:
40, 80, 92
Treaties of Münster and Osnabrück,
VIII:
20, 219
Treaties of Westphalia,
V:
24, 110
Treatise of Civil Govem
ment
(Locke),
IV:
112;
VI:
178;
VII:
138-41, 146-51,
189
Treatise of Civil Power in Ecclesiastical
Causes
(Milton),
VII:
93
Treatise of Human Nature
(Hume),
VII:
157, 159-60
Treatise on the Climacteric Years
(Rantzau),
V:
153-54
Treaty of Oliva,
V:
110
Treaty of Rastatt,
V:
110
Treaty of Stralsund,
III:
227
Treaty of the Pyrenees,
V:
110
Treaty of Utrecht,
V:
110
Treaty of Verdun,
III:
:217
Tree of Life,
IV:
161;
V:
217
Trent, Council of,
III:
111;
V:
19;
VII:
256, 285
Treverus,
III:
264n
Tria Kephálaia
(Justinian),
II:
54
Trials for Treason Act of 1696,
VI:
156
Tribalism,
VIII:
116-17
Tribunas Augustus,
III:
236-37
Tributarii,
III:
50-51
Tridentines,
IV:
18
Triennial Act of 1641 (England),
VII:
79
Trinitarianism,
VI:
182
Trinity,
II:
126-27,165,209;
III:
14, 24,
205, 258, 259, 265-66.
See also
God;
Holy Spirit; Jesus Christ
Tripolity,
I:
126-30, 134, 144
Tristesse,
VIII:
64
Trito-Isaiah,
I:
115
Troeltsch, Em
st,
IV:
148
Trogus, Pompeius,
I:
221, 222
Trojan myth,
I:
143-46
Trojans,
I:
143-46;
II:
10, 42, 43, 44;
III:
159, 159n, 215
Trotsky, Leon,
VII:
154
Troy.
See
Trojans
True Levellers,
VII:
96-100
Trust,
III:
263
Truth: authority of,
I:
46; paradox and
penultimate truth,
I:
47; quest for,
I:
47, 47n53; representative truth
versus absolute Truth,
I:
42-45;
and Thomas Aquinas,
II:
207-9;
Voegelin's devotion to,
I:
45-47
Tucker, Abraham,
VIII:
46
Tudors,
III:
69, 167, 234;
IV:
35, 276,
276n;
V:
21, 27, 92.
See also
specific
monarchs
Tully, James,
III:
2n2
Turenne, Marshal,
VI:
49n16
Turenne, Vicomte de,
VII:
106
Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich,
IV:
176
Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques:and
appeal to utilitarian immaturity,
VIII:
115-19; on
bouleversements,
VIII:
124-25; categories of history
of,
VIII:
122-29; common people
and
masse totale,
VIII:
115-16; and
Comte,
VIII:
11, 104, 107-9, 119, 120;
concluding comments on,
VIII:
147-
48; on continuum of history,
VIII:
109-11; and cross-pattem of
ideas,
VIII:
133-40; dilemma of,
VIII:
129-30; and emphasis on
political existence,
VIII:
133-35;
on global intercourse,
VIII:
140-41;
historicism of,
VIII:
106-48; on
inequality of humans,
VIII:
127-29;
on intem
al rhythm of political form,
VIII:
123-24; on law of three phases,
VI:
104n12;
VIII:
107-9; leaders and
masse totale,
VIII:
118-19; and loss
of Christian idea of humankind,
VIII:
114-15; and loss of Christian
idea of humans,
VIII:
113-14; and
loss of Christian meaning of history,
VIII:
112-13; on
masse totale,
VIII:
6-
7, 111-19, 125, 127, I41, 148, 153;
on
mélange des nations,
VIII:
125-
26; on
metathesis,
VIII:
122-23,
124; overview on,
VIII:
6-7; on
the past,
VIII:
145; on political
geography,
VIII:
140-47; on the
present,
VIII:
143-45; and profane
versus sacred history,
VIII:
112-13,
119-22; on progress,
VIII:
109, 124-
30, 135-37, 158; on religion and
political geography,
VIII:
145-47; on
stagnation of the East,
VIII:
126-
27; on tribalism of humankind,
VIII:
116-17
--Works:
Discourses en Sorbonne,
VIII:
106, 108, 114, 118;
Discourses
on Universal History,
VIII:
106,
110, 119n33;
Geographie Politique
(
Political Geography
),
VIII:
106,
140-47
Turkey and Turks: and
ante portas,
IV:
55; Belon's travels in,
VII:
170;
decline of empire,
III:
166n; and
dedication of Cyprus,
II:
216; empire
of,
II:
35-36n2;
III:
39, 40, 222;
IV:
44-
45;
V:
141, 143, 232;
VI:
38; in "Great
Design,"
IV:
71;
V:
112; Luther on,
V:
118; philosophy of,
II:
182; and
Roman empire,
II:
31;
IV:
71; Russian
plans for conquest of,
VIII:
205; and
Timur,
V:
137, 141; Westem
contacts
with,
VII:
169
Turpis
(dishonesty),
VI:
112
Tuscan popes,
II:
82
Tuscany,
III:
197, 224
Tutela,
II:
90
Two New Sciences
(Galileo),
VI:
18
Tyche,
IV:
62
Tycho de Brahe,
V:
138, 163-66, 165n75
Tyconianism,
II:
93;
III:
188
Tyconius,
I:
211, 213, 214
Type humain,
VIII:
206
Typos
(model of the faith),
II:
54
Tyrannicide,
V:
40n
Tyrannus,
II:
116
Tyranny: Erasmus on,
IV:
97-98, 103;
factors inducing submission to,
II:
116-17;
V:
35-38; John of Salisbury
on
II:
116, 122-25;
IV:
40; La Boétie
on,
V:
29, 30-39; Machiavelli on,
IV:
40-41, 62; in Rome,
IV:
65;
V:
37;
Salutati on,
IV:
40-41; Thomas
Aquinas on,
II:
221;
Vindiciae contra
tyrannos,
V:
51-54
Überrmensch,
II:
151;
V:
170
Ugolino of Ostia, Cardinal,
II:
139
Ulixes Laertiades,
II:
42
Ullman, Walter,
II:
2n2;
III:
6
Ulpian,
I:
96, 193, 198
Ultor peccatorum,
IV:
52, 59, 82n
Ultras,
VIII:
212-13
Unam Sanctam
(Boniface VIII),
I:
37;
III:
43-47, 67, 165;
IV:
155, 206-9
Unamuno, Miguel de,
I:
206
Unconscious,
I:
27-28;
VI:
108, 132;
VII:
30-31, 176, 214, 215, 218, 240,
24.1;
VIII:
137, 138
Ungrund,
VII:
133
Unio concordantissima,
III:
258, 266
Unio mystica,
VII:
257, 258, 265, 296
Union of Kalmar,
III:
227
Unitarianism,
IV:
139, 194;
VI:
182
United Nations,
V:
111
United States:bill of rights in,
VII:
82;
and Bodin's human types,
V:
230;
Civil War in,
VII:
90; colonies in
America,
VII:
80, 86-89, 91-92, 103,
109, 141-42, 144; constitutional
movement in,
VII:
78; Constitution
of 1789,
V:
24;
VII:
82; constitutions
of colonies,
VII:
103, 141-42;
Declaration of Independence in,
VII:
84-85; discovery of America,
III:
40;
IV:
111-13;
V:
113;
VI:
38;
emigration to America from
England,
VII:
77, 85-92; federalism
of,
IV:
169-70;
VIII:
298; franchise
in,
VII:
84, 84n5; Great Awakening
and Second Great Awakening in,
VIII:
9n; isolationism in,
VII:
90; legal
categories injected into conflicts of
ideas and historical forces,
V:
27;
medieval "hangover" in,
VII:
74;
national character of,
VII:
24; politics
in,
III:
239;
IV:
176; progressivism
in,
VIII:
122; rise of,
VIII:
105-6;
sectarianism of,
VII:
25, 89-90;
theory of govem
ment in,
VII:
107;
Turgot on American independence,
VIII:
144
Unité humaine,
VIII:
186
Unité mentale,
VIII:
249
Unité théologique,
VIII:
186
Universae Naturae Theatrum
(Bodin),
V:
137-38, 159-62, 185, 196, 238, 250
Universale dominium omnium rerum
temporalium,
III:
114
Universal federation of reformed
churches,
V:
5, 19, 20, 108-10
Universal history,
IV:
50n18;
V:
223-26;
VI:
35-36, 38-40, 43, 71
Universal Inquisition,
III:
112
Universal intellect,
III:
75;
V:
172-73
Universalis dominus,
II:
170
Universalisms, dissociation of,
VI:
51-
52
Universa vis naturae,
V:
235n75
Universi,
V:
54
Universitas,
II:
120;
III:
92, 93, 96, 215;
V:
54
Universitas civium,
III:
89-90
Universitas electorum,
III:
188
Universitas hominum,
III:
75, 77
Universities,
IV:
155, 219-20, 237-38;
V:
191.
See also
specific universities
University of Alabama,
I:
3
University of Bologna,
II:
13,160,162,
167, 168-72,173,174
University of Munich,
I:
45-47, 47n52
University of Paris,
II:
174, 178, 179,
195n, I97n;
III:
246, 254
University of Southem
Califom
ia,
I:
8
Unmensch
("nonman"),
VIII:
347
Unmut
(discontent),
VII:
216
Untere Obrigkeit
(inferior authority),
V:
26
Untimely Meditations
(Nietzsche),
VII:
252, 261-62
Unwesentlichkeit
(nonessentiality),
VIII:
359
Uomo buono
(virtuous human),
IV:
60
Urban II, Pope,
II:
72
Urban V, Pope,
IV:
39
Urban VI, Pope,
III:
191, 245, 247n5
Urbes (towns),
V:
54
Urbesque domusque recedunt,
V:
159
Urvolk,
II:
46
Usufructu,
VII:
54
Usus,
VI:
112-13, 125
Usus et acceptatio,
III:
264
Utilitarianism,
II:
193-95, 196n;
V:
30,
44;
VI:
72, 114, 184, 207-15;
VIII:
6,
75, 96-98, 192-93
UItilitas populi,
V:
43
Utilité public (public usefulness),
VIII:
73
Utility,
VI:
112
Utopia (More),
IV:
6, 8-9, 91, 97, 105,
109-30, 109-10n33, 118-19n;
VII:
97
Utopianism,
I:
231;
IV:
8, 110-13,
110n35, 118-19n;
V:
34;
VIII:
306
Utraquistic question,
IV:
242
Utrecht, Treaty of,
V:
110, 112
Utrecht Peace of 1713,
VI:
33
Uxbridge Proposition of 1644,
VII:
79
Valence, Council of,
IV:
154n
Valentinus,
IV:
182, 186;
VI:
46
Valentior pars,
III:
89-90
Valerius Maximus,
II:
114;
IV:
54
Valéry, Paul,
VII:
180, 181;
VIII:
301
Valombrosa,
II:
70
Valthek
(Beckford),
VII:
162
Values. See Ethics
Vandals,
II:
32, 33, 45, 56;
IV:
43;
V:
143
Van Hooft, Peter,
VI:
69
Vanité,
VIII:
102-3
Vanity,
VII:
273-74
VarahranI,
I:
185
Varietas religionum,
II:
128
Varro,
VI:
110
Vatican Council, Second,
III:
112n
Vatican Council of 1869-1870,
III:
111
Vatican Council of 1871,
VI:
161
Vaughan, Frederick,
VI:
15n, 132n
Vauvenargues, Luc de Clapiers de,
VIII:
49-51
Vedanta philosophy,
VIII:
69-70
Velle
(to will),
VI:
111, 116
Veltro,
III:
80, 80-81n8;
VII:
231
Venice and Venetians,
III:
220-23, 228,
232-33, 240;
IV:
36, 66;
V:
211
Venturini, Domenico,
III:
:80n7
Vera cognitio,
III:
97
Verbum
(Wisdom of God),
VI:
97
Verbum genitum,
VI:
101, 120, 137
Verdun, Treaty of,
III:
217
Verene, Donald Philip,
VI:
132n
Verfell
(decadence),
VIII:
350
Vergesellschaftete Mensch
("socialized
man"),
VIII:
307
Verhimmelten Formen
(celestified
forms),
VIII:
338
Veri,
III:
67
Veritas
(truth),
II:
208
Verkehrte
(perverted),
VIII:
347
Verklären
(transfigure),
VII:
204
Vem
e, Jules,
VII:
190
Vem
et, Mme.,
VIII:
149n60
Vem
unft
(reason),
VI:
109;
VII:
204
Vertu
(virtue),
V:
143
Verum creatum,
VI:
97, 99, 100, 101
Verum dominium,
V:
121-22
V
erum est factum,
VI:
96-101
Verum increatum,
VI:
97, 99
Verus imperator,
III:
208, 209
Verwelschung,
II:
150
Vespucci, Amerigo,
IV:
111, 113
Vestiarian controversy,
V:
79
Vettori, Francesco,
IV:
72
Via negativa,
VII:
261
Vices. See Evil; Sin
Vico, Giambattista: as "anachronism,"
VI:
95-96, 102; anthropology of,
VI:
111-13; and attack on cogito,
I:
28;
VI:
107-8; and attack on
phenomenalism,
VI:
107; and
Augustine,
VI:
118-25 ; and autonomy
of the spirit,
VI:
113-14; and
awareness of rise and fall of Roman
empire,
VII:
169; and Catholic
Church,
VI:
94-95, 95n7; on certainty
of human sciences,
VI:
98-99, 128;
and Christianity,
VI:
88-89, 99-
101, 106, 109-11, 115, 118, 131;
on civilizational decay,
VII:
26;
compared with Comte,
VIII:
247;
compared with Hume,
VII:
162;
compared with Voegelin,
VI:
15-16;
concluding comments on,
VI:
144-
48; and continuum of Westem
ideas,
VI:
102-4; destiny and decadence in,
VII:
167; development of thought
of,
VI:
16-17; on divine age,
VI:
137,
138; first use of term New Science,
VI:
91-92; on God,
VI:
97, 98, 105,
106, 109-14, 118, 119, 126, 129-
32; on heroic age,
VI:
137, 139; on
historicity of the mind,
VI:
127-29;
and "historicity of truth,"
VII:
8;
on human age,
VI:
137, 139-40; on
humans,
VI:
97-98; and idea of New
Science,
VI:
93-96; influence of,
I:
23;
V:
214;
VI:
85-86; and Inquisition,
VI:
15, 15n, 87; Italian political
situation during time of,
VI:
82-85;
on meaning of history,
VI:
131-32;
meditative character of work of,
VI:
90-91; on
mente eroica,
VI:
141-
44, 147; on metaphysical point and
the conatus,
VI:
104-6; and model of
mature,
VI:
104-9; "modem
ity" of,
VI:
146; on mondo civile,
VI:
109-15,
126, 128; and myth,
I:
27;
III:
78, 159;
V:
23; and Neoplatonism,
VI:
101-9,
126; and New Science,
VII:
155,
157; phases of thought of,
II:
132;
VI:
91-92; and philological origin,
VI:
97-98; on political structure of
the corso,
VI:
137-44; prose style of,
VI:
14, I4n19, 86-87; on Providential
contemplation,
VI:
129-32; on
reason,
VI:
100, 112, 134; on recursus
and ricorso,
VI:
114-25, 136; and
reversal of apostatic movement,
VI:
94-96; and science of history,
VI:
109-11, 126-27; secondary
literature on,
VI:
17-18, I7n22,
18n24, 86n, 92n, 132n; secularist
interpretation of,
VI:
87-90; on senso
commune (common sense),
VI:
129,
132-37, 142, 147; significance of,
VI:
6, 13, 14-20, 14n18, 83, 85-86,
90; on
stato ferino,
VI:
137, 138;
steps of meditation of,
VI:
96-102;
on
storia etem
a ideale,
VI:
126-32,
137;
VIII:
247; systematic function of
model of nature,
VI:
106-7; transfer
of model of nature to history,
VI:
108-9; on unfolding of mind in
history,
VI:
87; on
verum est factum,
VI:
96-97
--Works:
Autobiography,
VI:
15, 18,
92n, 93, 94, 105;
De Constantia
Jurisprudentis,
VI:
17, 91-92, 110;
De
Constantia Philologiae,
VI:
91-92;
De Constantia Philosophiae,
VI:
91;
De universi juris uno principio et fine
uno,
VI:
91, 110;
Diritto universale,
VI:
16,16n, 91, 110,111, 114-18;
Liber Metaphysicus,
VI:
16, 16n,
19n27, 91, 98-99, 104, 104n12, 128;
Scienza nuova
(
New Science
),
VI:
1,
15, 17-19, I9n27, 86, 90, 92-95, 99,
102, 106, 110-11, 114-18, 126-48;
VII:
6, 34
Victor, Saint,
IV:
155
Vicus,
V:
58
Vie de Pascal
(Périer),
VII:
256
Vienna,
IV:
44;
V:
141
Vienna, Concordat of,
III:
251, 256
Vienne, Council of,
IV:
185
Vie sentimentale,
VIII:
193
Vigilius, Pope,
II:
54
Vile matière,
VIII:
300
Vilis homo
(common man),
II:
192-93,
209
Villamon,
VII:
170
Villchardouins,
III:
60
Vincent of Beauvais,
IV:
44
Vinculum juris
(bond of right order),
I:
137
Vindiciae,
VII:
49
Vindiciae contra tyrannos,
V:
27,
51-54, 56n, 57, 58, 109;
VII:
49
Vinet, Alexandre,
VII:
256-57
Violence: Christians and power of
the sword,
IV:
263-64; and common
good,
IV:
66-67; condemnation
of, in Gospels,
IV:
105; Erasmus
on,
IV:
104-5; eschatological
violence,
IV:
174-75; and prophets in
arms,
IV:
77, 287-88; in spiritual
movements,
IV:
148.
See also
Crusades; Warfare; and specific
wars
Vir divinus in Deo manens,
II:
201
Virgil,
I:
141-45, 142n, 150;
II:
41-42,
114, 150;
III:
73, 74;
V:
159
Viri,
VI:
116
Vir sanctus,
III:
241
Virtù:
Apollonian
virtù,
IV:
212;
and Castruccio Castracani,
IV:
57;
compared with Erasmus's virtue,
IV:
102; and crime,
IV:
77, 83; and
cyclical rise and fall of republics,
IV:
69-70; Dante on,
IV:
102n22,
209-12; disappearance of, with death
of prince,
IV:
67; of founders and
restorers,
IV:
57, 69-70; Fregoso's
Memorabilia
as stories of,
IV:
54; as
grace melded with power,
IV:
107; of
hero,
IV:
59, 60, 64, 82n; and lordship
types,
IV:
77-78; Machiavelli on,
II:
117, 218;
IV:
32, 52, 56, 56n25,
75, 76-81, 91;
V:
130;
VII:
61, 120,
169;
VIII:
123; and Machiavelli's
paganism,
IV:
86; movement of,
among peoples,
IV:
71;
ordinata
virtù,
IV:
56, 76, 80; Petrarch on,
IV:
81; republican
virtù,
IV:
38n; and
Retz,
VII:
120; and Stoicism,
IV:
84;
tension between
fortuna
and,
IV:
48,
80-81
Virtù dello animo,
IV:
76, 77
Virtues:
arete
(virtue or excellence;
Aristotle),
I:
99;
II:
218;
III:
12, 86, 87;
Epicurean school on,
I:
83; Erasmus
IV:
101-5; and Francis of Assisi,
II:
135-37; Helvétius on,
VIII:
68-70;
on,
VIII:
45-46, 51; Platonic
virtues,
I:
83, 99;
V:
33;
regia virtus
(royal virtue),
II:
218; Schelling on,
VII:
221-22, 238-39; Stoics on,
I:
98-
99;
uomo buono
(virtuous human),
IV:
60
Virtù intellecttuale possibile
(nobility),
IV:
211
Virtù propria,
IV:
209, 211
Virtus,
VI:
108;
VII:
238
Virtus extensionis,
VI:
105
Virtus intellectiva,
III:
75, 76
Virtutes,
VI:
104-6, 108
Vis
(force),
VI:
104, 108, 112
Vis derivativa
(derivative force),
VI:
201-2
Visible church,
V:
84-85, 87
Visigoths,
I:
223;
II:
30-33, 44n6, 45, 56;
IV:
43, 158;
VI:
125
Visio de Petro Plowman,
III:
178-81,
184
Vision,
I:
31, 31n
Vis primitiva
(primitive force),
VI:
201
Vis veri,
VI:
112
Vita aetem
a in pace
(etem
al life in
peace),
I:
219
Vita commoda,
II:
77;
VI:
141
Vita contemplativa
(contemplative
life),
III:
176;
IV:
71, 268;
VI:
32-33,
262-69, 274-81, 289.
See also
Bios
theoretikos
Vita de Dowel, Dobet, and Dobest
(Piers Plowman),
III:
178, 179-84
Vita di Castruccio Castracani
(Machiavelli),
IV:
6, 56-59, 81-82n66,
87
Vita eroica,
II:
77
Vita evangelii,
II:
137-38
Vita nuova,
III:
113
Vita philosophi,
II:
191, 192
Vita politicorum,
II:
115
Vita Tamerlani,
IV:
52-54, 56, 57, 59,
81-82n66
Viterbo, Rienzo's letter to,
III:
235
Viterbo, treaty of,
III:
60
Vitoria, Francisco de: on civilizational
superiority,
V:
127-28; compared
Bodin,
V:
130-31; compared
with Machiavelli,
V:
130-31;
distinction between interstate and
intercivilizational relations,
V:
115-
17, 132; on imperialism,
II:
214;
V:
121-28;
VII:
56; on interstate law,
V114-15; on just war,
V:
117-21,
125, 127, 128; later development
of ideas of,
V:
131-33; on natural
law of human intercourse,
V:
124-
25; personality of,
V:
128-31; on
propagation of Christianity,
V:
125-
27
--Works:
Reflectio Posterior,
V:
1 1 6-28;
Relectiones de Indis,
IV:
129;
V:
114,
115, 128, 131
Vivere civile
(living community),
IV:
66
Vivere pericolosamente,
VII:
197
Vivere sine litteris,
II:
191
Voegelin, Eric: arrival in U.S.,
I:
14;
"black reflections" of,
I:
29-30, 30n;
"breakthrough" and "vision" of,
I:
25-26, 29-30, 43; caustic candor of,
45-47; contract with Macmillan
" for History of Political Ideas,"
I:
3-5;
11; contract with McGraw-Hill for
"History of Political Ideas,"
I:
3-5;
early writings of,
I:
44; escape from
Nazis,
VIII:
3; friends of, 1:14-15;
inaugural lecture at University of
Munich, 1:45-46; "leapfrogging"
in works of, 1:53-4; as mystic-
philosopher, 1:44-47; notoriety for,
with
Time
magazine story,
VIII:
18n;
on purpose of his work, 1:28-29;
as spiritual realist, 1:24-25, 24n,
teaching career of, in U.S.,
I:
3,
5-6, 8, 52; transition from history
of political ideas to history of
consciousness, 1:11-12, 16-30.
See
also
specific titles of works
Volksgeist,
1:229; 11:192;
VII:
51
Volnay,
VIII:
219
Volonté générale,
1:229;
VII:
116
Volonté publique,
VII:
116
Voltaire: and "apostatic revolt,"
10, 21, 57-71, 95, 113; attack
life of spirit by,
VIII:
114; on
Bossuet,
IV:
42, 50-51n18;
V:
233;
Bossuet's debate with,
VI:
7-9, 34-40,
compared with d'Alembert,
VIII:
94; compared with Erasmus,
IV:
89, 94; compared with Turgot,
VIII:
110; compared with Vico,
VI:
18;
compassion,
VI:
62-64, 68-70;
difficulties with ideas of,
VII:
196;
ecclesiastical abuses,
VIII:
61; and
Enlightenment,
IV:
202, 213, 268;
VI:
50;
VII:
154; on
ésprit humain
as object of history,
VI:
40-42, 44,
97; on ethics,
VI:
61-64, 71; on God,
VI:
59-61;
VII:
203; influences on,
VI:
150; on intellectuals,
IV:
237;
on intramundane sacred history,
VI:
42-43; irresponsibilities and
irreverences of,
VIII:
46n7; and
Marquise du Châtelet-Lorraine,
VI:
34, 35, 38, 39n; on Middle
Ages,
VI:
44; on morality,
VIII:
96;
philosophical sectarianism of,
IV:
4;
VI:
64-67; in realm between the
spirits,
VI:
67-68; on reason,
VI:
58-
61, 64-65, 71-72; on revolt and order,
VIII:
92; and secular history,
IV:
42;
VI:
40-42, 44, 45, 108; "spiritual
obscurantism" of,
VI:
8, 61-62, 95,
113; strengths and weaknesses of,
VI:
67-68; and universal history,
IV:
50n18;
VI:
38-40, 71
—Works:
Dictionnaire philosophique,
VI:
57, 58, 60-61;
Éléments de la
philosophie de Newton,
VI:
58-60;
Essai sur les moeurs,
VI:
34, 38-
42, 39n; "Letter on Socianism,"
VI:
66;
Lettres Anglais,
VI:
63n;
Lettres philosophiques,
VI:
65-66;
Questions sur l'encyclopédie,
VI:
58
Voltaireanism,
VI:
75
Voluntary Servitude
(La Boétie),
I:
230;
V:
25, 28-39, 28n4, 40, 42;
VIII:
91
Voluntas,
V:
220, 221
Voluntates,
II:
115n3
Von der Freiheit eines Christenmen-
schen
(Luther).
See Freedom of a
Christian
(Luther)
Von Gierke, Otto,
V:
56, 57
Von Premerstein, Anton,
I:
187
Von weltlicher Oberkeit
(Luther).
See
Temporal Authority: To What Extent
Should It Be Obeyed
(Luther)
Vorschule der Ästhetik
(Paul),
IV:
189
Vorstellkräfte
(representational
powers),
VII:
201
Vorstellung
(representation),
VII:
201
Vossler, Karl,
III:
75-76n
Vox populi, vox Dei,
IV:
134
Voyages historiques de l'Europe,
VII:
170
Vulgate Bible,
IV:
90
Vulgus,
III:
13;
IV:
99-101
Wagner, Richard,
II:
46;
VII:
252, 253,
260, 27l, 271n51
Waldenses,
IV:
139, 180
Waldensianism,
III:
175
Waldes, Petrus,
IV:
150
Walgreen Lectures,
IV:
3;
VII:
7
Wallenstein, Albrecht,
VII:
105, 106
Waller,
VII:
109
Wallia,
II:
56
Walpole, Sir Robert,
VI:
156;
VII:
157
Walram of Naumburg,
II:
87n
Walter of Brienne,
III:
231
Warburton, William,
VI:
156-161, 172,
178, 179
Warfare:aggrandizement as cause of,
V:
119-20; Augustine on,
IV:
105;
causes of,
IV:
105; deaths in civil
war,
VII:
65-66;
VIII:
82; Erasmus
on,
IV:
104-5, 104n30; and Grotius's
De Jure Belli ac Pacis,
VII:
52-53,
153; just war,
IV:
76, 105, 125-308;
V:
117-21, 125, 127, 128; Machiavelli
on,
IV:
38n, 76; Marsilius on,
III:
96,
100; and Marxism,
V:
110-11; More
on,
IV:
125-30; Old Testament
on,
V:
118; papacy's expenditures
on,
III:
166; between powerful
monarchies,
IV:
106-7; and prophet
in arms,
IV:
77, 287-88; rational
conduct of,
IV:
127; regulation of,
through intem
ational law,
VII:
53-
54; religious wars,
IV:
151, 288;
Vitoria on war guilt,
V:
116-17; "war
to end war,"
IV:
173, 176; "world
wars,"
IV:
172, 176.
See also
Civil
wars; Crusades; Military; Violence;
and specific wars
War of Chioggia,
III:
220
War of the Austrian Succession,
VI:
159
Warrior-monk,
II:
75 -77
Wars of the Coalition,
V:
110
Wars of the Fronde,
VII:
105, 106
Wars of the Roses,
III:
68-69;
IV:
35;
VII:
74, 101
Warwick, Earl of,
VII:
109
Washington, George,
VIII:
210, 219
Wealth,
I:
156-61;
VII:
99, 101, 150-51,
189, 299
Weavers' movement,
IV:
144, 150
Weber, Max,
I:
54, 55, 114, 229-30;
III:
90;
IV:
189n27;
VII:
26, 155
Wege des Glaubens
(Stöhr),
I:
18
Weimar Republic,
III:
145
Welfare state,
IV:
103-4
Welfs,
III:
197.
See also
Guelfs and
Ghibellines
Welles, Orson,
VII:
191, 191n8
Wells, H. G.,
IV:
113;
VII:
190
Weltalter
(Schelling),
VI:
95;
VII:
202-3,
209-17, 209n9, 234-36, 249
Weltanschauung,
V:
182
Weltgeschichten,
VI:
39
Weltgrund,
VII:
279
Weltverbesserer
(world-reformer),
VIII:
364
Wenceslas, Saint,
III:
204
Wenceslas I,
III:
202, 247n5
Wends,
III:
201
Wenrich of Trier,
II:
86n
Wergeld,
IV:
229
Wertauswahl
("value"),
VIII:
121
Wesen
(human essence, national
identity),
II:
48;
VIII:
347
Wesenhaftigkeit
(essentiality),
VIII:
359
Wesley, Charles,
VI:
156
Wesley, John,
VI:
156
Westem
world:decline of generally,
IV:
135-36, 135n; isolation of,
II:
33-
35, 35-36n2.
See also
Europe; and
specific countries
Westminster Confession,
IV:
283
Westphalia Treaties,
V:
24, 110
Whichcote, Benjamin,
VI:
169-71
Whitehouse, David,
II:
3, 35n
White man's burden,
V:
127-28
Wholeness: of church as mystical
body of Christ,
II:
7-8, 62-63;
eschatological wholeness inserted
into political process,
II:
8-9, 9n; of
national kingdom,
II:
7n17, 10; and
Roman empire,
II:
6-7; scientific
research on,
II:
17; Voegelin's theory
of,
II:
4-6, 6n13, 16-17, 108
Wido of Osnaburg,
II:
87n
Wiedererkennung
(anamnesis),
VII:
31
Wieruszowski, Helene,
III:
76n
Will: free will,
I:
82, 215-16;
III:
181,
181-82n14; general will theory,
VII:
51; Nietzsche on,
VII:
276-80,
289, 293-95; Pascal on,
VII:
262,
272; Schelling on,
VII:
217-19, 236;
Schopenhauer on,
VII:
241, 262
William II, King of England,
III:
59n9,
133
William II, King of Netherlands,
VII:
134
William II, King of Sicily,
II:
145
William of Holland,
III:
198
William of Moerbeke,
II:
179
William of Ockham:background of,
III:
103-5; Christianity of,
III:
108-9;
"civilizational schism" in writings
of,
III:
8, 18, 20, 25; compared with
Thomas Aquinas,
III:
8, 116-17;
compared with Wycliffe,
III:
169;
and council's power,
III:
124-26; at
court of Lewis of Bavaria,
III:
129;
on empire,
III:
122-23; Erasmus on,
IV:
93, 94, 95n4; on faith,
III:
7-8,
17, 25, 107-11, 108n, 126, 265;
and Franciscan spiritualism,
II:
81;
III:
104, 105,112-14, 125;
IV:
184;
V:
63; on heretical popes,
III:
124-
25; imprisonment of,
III:
15, 114;
and infallibility of pope,
III:
124-
25; as influence on
Piers Plowman,
III:
182n14; on law,
II:
171;
III:
117-18,
118nn, 125-26; method in politics of,
III:
115-17; nominalism of,
III:
106-9,
115-17, 126, 250; on order of world
and order of poverty,
III:
118-20,
119n16; overview on,
I:
39-40;
III:
7-
8, 125-26;
IV:
222, 223, 226;
V:
18;
on pope and church,
III:
120-21,
245; and reduction of substance
to relations,
III:
123-24; secular
civilization and the withdrawal of
the church,
III:
109-12; skepticism
of,
III:
108
--Works:
De Imperatorum et
Pontificum Potestate,
III:
120, 126;
De juribus romani imperii,
III:
122;
Dialogus,
III:
118n14, 120, 121,
122, 124;
Opus Nonaginta Dierum,
III:
115, 117-18
William of Orange,
VII:
53
William of Rubruck,
II:
79;
IV:
44
William of Saint Amour,
II:
199-200
Williams, Roger,
IV:
195;
VII:
88-92, 93,
144, 145
William the Conqueror,
II:
89, 90, 145;
VII:
98
Will to power,
III:
48-49;
VII:
278, 279,
293-95
Will to Power
(Nietzsche),
VII:
256,
267, 293-94
Wilson, Woodrow,
IV:
176
Winstanley, Gerard,
VII:
96-100
Wintem
itz, Eduard von,
I:
14
Winthrop, John,
VII:
87, 91
Wisby, law of,
V:
113
Wisdom and wise men,
I:
97-99,
101, 106, 134;
III:
261-63.
See also
Intellectuals; Mind
Wissen und Gewissen
(knowledge and
conscience),
VII:
276, 295
Witchcraft,
V:
206,207
Witzenmann, Walter,
VI:
92n
Wodan cult,
II:
42-43
Wolf, Abraham,
V:
170n81
Wolff, Helen,
I:
11-12
Wolff, Kurt,
I:
11-12
Wolfram von den Steinen,
II:
157
Women:communalization of,
VIII:
360;
community of,
I:
96, 236; Comte's
divinization of woman,
VIII:
189-91
Woodhouse, A. S. P.,
VII:
80-82, 83, 98,
110-12
Workers: and abolition of Council of the
North in England,
VII:
108-9; Marx
on,
VIII:
296, 354-56; Winstanley on
exploitation of,
VII:
98-99.
See also
Proletariat
Workers' movement,
VII:
52
Work ethics,
II:
199-200
Workman, Herbert B.,
III:
170
World.
See Mundus; Saeculum
World history.
See
History
World-
imperium
and state-
imperium,
III:
205-10, 216
"World of Homer" (Voegelin),
I:
51
World of the Polis
(Voegelin),
I:
28
World organization,
III:
63-64, 63-64n,
72, 76-77, 121-23, 239;
IV:
170
World War I,
I:
73;
III:
142-43;
IV:
176;
V:
28, 110-11
World War II,
I:
45;
IV:
176;
V:
111
Worms, Concordat of,
III:
206
Writs of summons,
III:
148-51
Wycliffe, John,
I:
33;
III:
13, 168-70,
172-75, 184-92;
IV:
150, 151, 222;
V:
122
Xenophanes,
VII:
227
Xenophon,
IV:
82n;
V:
29, 38
Xerxes,
II:
44;
IV:
50, 55;
V:
142, 142n7
Yahweh (Jehovah). See God
Yin and yang symbols,
I:
26-27
York Anonymous,
III:
129,190.
See also
Norman Anonymous; York Tracts
York Tracts,
I:
33;
II:
92, 94-101, 95n20,
105-6, 109, 132, 134, 141, 203;
III:
105, 109, 129, 169, 189, 190;
IV:
222
Yugoslavia,
VIII:
317n11
Zachariah,
II:
129, 130
Zachary, Pope,
II:
57, 86
Zagreus,
VII:
228
Zama, battle of,
I:
120, 125
Zarathustra,
VII:
260
Zarathustra
(Nietzsche),
VII:
287
Zdanov,
VII:
143
Zen Buddhism,
II:
75
Zeno, Emperor,
II:
53
Zeno (the Cynic),
I:
75, 76, 78, 95, 98,
99, 200;
IV:
92
Zeus,
IV:
57;
VII:
217, 228, 229, 244-45
Zinskauf,
IV:
244
Ziska, John,
III:
175
Zoon politikon,
I:
129;
II:
219-20
Zoroaster and Zoroastrianism,
II:
8;
VIII:
27, 196
Zurich,
I:
110;
V:
50
Zwingli, Huldrych,
IV:
227;
V:
20, 50,
76;
VI:
66
Zwinglianism,
VI:
46
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